不同设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的发生规律及其影响的环境因素  

Occurrence of Bradysia odoriphaga on Chinese Chives Under Different Protected Cultivations and Its Influencing Environmental Factors

作　　者：祝国栋 李朝霞[1] 王承香[2] 马冲[3] 刘芳[1] 纪桂霞[1] 薛明[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山省蔬菜病虫害生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]潍坊职业学院,山东潍坊261041 [3]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安27100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第10期134-139,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"作物根蛆类害虫综合防治技术研究与示范"(201303027)

摘　　要：冬季设施栽培韭菜已成为北方韭菜生产的主要模式。为明确冬季不同设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的发生规律,并探究影响其发生的主要环境因素,系统调查了山东地区冬季3种主要的设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的周年发生动态,同时监测了环境温湿度的变化,分析其与韭蛆发生的关系。结果表明,冬季韭蛆在小拱棚、中型拱棚和日光温室韭菜中,发生规律存在较大的差异。在小拱棚中,韭蛆危害最轻,仅扣棚初(12月中下旬)越冬幼虫复苏形成1个危害高峰;中型拱棚韭蛆危害次之,除扣棚初越冬幼虫危害外,2月底为1代幼虫危害盛期;日光温室中,自扣棚后韭蛆每月可发生1代,为害最为严重。设施韭菜掀棚后进入露地养根期,春秋季韭蛆危害较重。棚内温湿度监测结果显示,5 cm土壤温度日光温室>中型拱棚>小拱棚,温度是影响不同设施条件下韭蛆发生危害差异的重要因素;土壤湿度基本可满足韭蛆正常的生长发育。研究为山东地区不同设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的发生预测及防治提供理论支持。Protected cultivation in winter is the main cropping pattern of Chinese chives in north China. The chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga （Diptera： Sciaridae）, is the major pest that damages Chinese chives. To define the occurrence regularity of B. odoriphaga under different protected cultivations and explore the main influencing environmental factors, we monitored the annual occurrence of B. odoriphaga, the environmental temperature and humidity of 3 main protected cultivations of Chinese chives in Shandong Province. The occurrence results showed that there were significant occurrence differences of B. odoriphaga among small arch shed, middle arch shed, and sunlight greenhouse during cultivation. In small arch shed, B. odoriphaga caused the least loss. In the early period of covering with plastic film （middle December）, the resurgent overwintering larvae occurred seriously. In middle arch shed, B. odoriphaga caused less loss, the resurgent overwintering larvae and first generation larvae oceurred seriously in early and late February, respectively. In sunlight greenhouse, B. odoriphaga occurred once a month and caused most serious loss. In dormant period after turning over, B. odoriphaga occurred seriously in spring and autumn. The results of environment monitoring showed that the temperature-humidity of 5 cm soil was from high to low in sunlight greenhouse, middle and small arch shed, and the soil temperature was the main factor influencing the occurrence of B. odoriphaga in the 3 kinds of protected cultivations. The study provides theoretical support for the occurrence prediction and control strategy of B. odoriphaga in protected cultivations of Chinese chives in Shandong Province.

关 键 词：韭菜迟眼蕈蚊 设施栽培模式 发生动态 土壤温湿度 

分 类 号：S433.89[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]