滨海盐碱地氮肥高效利用及作物高产施肥技术研究  

Study on High Efficient Utilization of Nitrogen Fertilizer and High Yield Fertilization Technology in Coastal Saline Alkali Soil

作　　者：程文娟[1] 肖辉[1] 王立艳[1] 赵杰[1] 潘洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2017年第6期30-33,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市科技计划种业专项(15ZXZYNC00020);天津市地方标准修订项目(DB12/T 000-2016)

摘　　要：受全球气候变迁影响以及各地区的土壤变异性,土壤物理性、化学性、生物性等都存在不同,需要有不同的施肥管理措施。有研究显示,小麦施肥技术的关键在氮肥的施用上,而氮肥受土壤间差异的影响很大,小麦在不同的土壤需要不同的氮肥用量,而土壤质地愈粗,需氮量愈大。根据区域土壤性质及配合肥料施用技术,提高肥料利用率、降低肥料用量,将有益于农业经济生产永续经营。通过使用缓释肥料利用氮素等量替换的方式研究氮素利用率及吸收效率,以探讨氮肥在天津地区小麦地施用的最佳方式,能达到合理施肥和高收益的目标。结果表明,增效肥料在化肥减量增效方面效果显著,与普通氮肥相比,可降低土壤硝态氮累积和淋溶量;相同施氮量的情况下,增效肥料可较长时间维持土壤供氮能力,减少氮素损失,氮肥利用率可提高16.16%~79.47%。Affected by global climate change and regional variability of soil, soil physical, chemical, biological, such as there were different, require different application management measures. Research showed that the key in the nitrogen fertilization of wheat on the application of nitrogen fertilizer was highly affected by the difference between soil and wheat in different soil require different forms of nitrogen fertilizer, and the soil profile, the greater the amount of nitrogen. According to the nature of regional soil and cooperate with fertilizer application technology, and improved the utilization rate of fertilizer, reducing fertilizer use, which would be conducive to sustaiuable agricuhural economy production. In this paper, through the use of slow release fertilizern utilization amount of replacement method study and absorption of nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen in wheat in Tianjin, the best way of application, which could achieve the objectives of the rational fertilization and high-yield. The results showed that the synergistic effect of fertilizer on fertilizer reduction efficiency significantly, compared with the ordinary nitrogen can reduce soil NO3^--N accumulation and leaching rate. Under the condition of same N application rate, efficiency of fertilizer could maintain soil nitrogen ability for a long time, reducing the loss of nitrogen, nitrogen utilization efficiency could increase 16.16%-79.47%.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱地 玉米 氮肥利用率 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]