苗床添加微生物菌肥对2种烟草种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响  

Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Germination Rate and Seedling Growth of Tobacco in Seedbed

作　　者：杨军伟[1] 张宇羽[2] 蔡艳[2] 叶沁鑫 曾庆宾[1] 张瑞平[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司,四川攀枝花617026 [2]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《农学学报》2017年第4期39-45,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司项目"攀枝花市烟草专用生物有机肥验证与应用"(2016006);中国烟草总公司四川省公司重点科技项目"植烟土壤质量提升关键技术研究与集成应用"(SCYC201504)

摘　　要：为探讨微生物菌肥在烤烟育苗上的应用效果,采用不同添加量(5%、10%、15%)的EM(effective microorganisms)菌肥和胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)菌肥及其组合物均匀拌入苗床育苗基质的方式,研究2种菌肥的不同添加比例和其组合菌肥对‘红花大金元’和‘云烟85’种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:苗床添加EM菌肥和胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥能提高2种烟草种子的发芽率,且单独添加1种菌肥对2种烟草促进发芽的作用效果主要体现在发芽后期(播种后17~19天);混合添加2种菌肥在整个发芽期对‘红花大金元’均表现出促进作用,但对‘云烟85’在发芽初始略有抑制作用,21天时发芽率亦高于对照。小十字期时,添加不同用量菌肥均促进了烟草幼苗主根的伸长和侧根的生长,单一EM菌肥处理以低浓度(5%)对2种烟草幼苗的促进作用最为显著,单一添加胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥以中浓度(10%)增加最多,混合添加2种菌肥亦可改善小十字期烟草农艺性状。大十字期时,添加不同用量菌肥促进了烟草根系生长,提高了根系总条数,进而改善了烟草叶片生长状况。菌肥处理70天(即移栽前)时,添加菌肥提高了2种烟草幼苗的株高、茎粗、最大叶长、最大叶宽。综上,苗床添加EM菌肥和胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥可不同程度提高烟草发芽率并促进幼苗生长,以添加5%~10%为佳。To explore the application effect of microbe fertilizers on the flue-cured tobacco seedling, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two bacterial manures, effective microorganisms （EM） and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with different treatments （5%, 10% and 15%） and their combination on the seed germination rate and seedling growth of ＇Honghuadajinyuan＇ and ＇ Yunyan 85＇. The results showed as follows： adding EM and Bacillus mucilctginosus in seedbed could improve the germination rate of the two kinds of tobacco seeds. The promoting effect of germination was mainly reflected in the post-germination stage （17-19 d after seeding） when adding one bacterial fertilizer. The promotion effect existed in the whole germination stage of ＇Honghuadajinyuan＇ when two bacterial fertilizers were applied as co-addition, while slightly inhibition was found on ＇ Yunyan 85＇ in the initial germination stage, the germination rate was higher than that of the control at 21 d. The treatments of bacterial manures improved the growth of main root and lateral root of ＇Honghuadajinyuan＇ and ＇Yunyan 85＇ at three leaf period, the promotion of low concentration （5%） on the two kinds of tobacco seedlings was remarkable when adding EM only. While the promotion effect of middle concentration （10%） was notable when adding Bacillus mucilaginosus only. The agronomic characteristics could also be improved with the combination of two bacterial fertilizers in three leaf period. The application of EM and Bacillus mucilaginosus promoted the growth of root and the total number of root so as to modify the growth status at five leaf period. The plant height, stem diameter, longest leaf length and maximum leaf width of the two kinds of tobacco seedlings were also improved with bacterial manures at 70 d after treated （before transplanting）. To sum up, adding EM and Bacillus mucilaginosus in seedbed could improve germination rate and seedling growth of tobacco to different extent, especially adding 5%-10%

关 键 词：烟草 EM菌 胶质芽孢杆菌 幼苗 发芽 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]