新型三聚氰胺盐类阻燃剂的合成及其在聚乳酸中的应用  

Synthesis of novel melamine salt flame retardant and its application in poly(lactic acid)

作　　者：姜鹏[1] 张胜[1] 谷晓昱[1] 李劼[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学碳纤维及功能高分子教育部重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2017年第5期197-199,共3页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(21674008)

摘　　要：以三聚氰胺(MEL)和羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)为原料,合成了羟基乙叉二磷酸四三聚氰胺盐(H-M)。通过改变投料比、反应时间以及反应温度确定了优化的合成工艺条件。通过红外光谱、元素分析和固体核磁等测试手段,表征了其交联网状结构。将3%(wt,质量分数,下同)、5%和10%的H-M通过熔融共混分别添加到聚乳酸(PLA)中,并通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)和锥形量热实验(CONE)等测试研究了PLA复合材料的阻燃性能和热性能。结果表明:PLA/10%H-M的LOI值从纯PLA的19.6%提高至31.8%,UL-94达到V-0等级,热释放速率峰值(PHRR)从纯PLA的697.1kW/m^2降低至443.5kW/m^2。通过分析表明,H-M阻燃体系的作用机理是,燃烧过程中H-M可以生成P—N键的中间体,该中间体受热分解后生成热稳定性较好的交联网状结构,覆盖在材料表面,以提高材料的阻燃性能。1-Hydroxyethylidene-l-tetramelamine salt （H-M） was synthesized by using neutral reaction between 1- Hydroxyethylidene-1 （HEDP） and melamine （MEL）. The optimal condition was determined after a serious of experiment. The structure of H M was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, elementary analysis and solid nuclear magnetic resonance （solid NMR）. An investigation of 3wt% ,5wt%, 10wt% H M as flame retardant for polylactic acid （PLA） was carried out. PLA composites containing H-M prepared by melting blending,and its fire performance was investigated by limiting oxygen index （LOI）, vertically burning （UL-94）, cone calorimeter analysis （Cone） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The LOI value could reach up to 31.80//00 and UL-94 could pass V-0 for the PLA composited containing 10% H-M. The peak heat release rate （PHRR） value of PLA/10 wt% H M was 443.5kW/m2. The flame retardant mechanism was investigated. It indicated that the synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen can enhance the thermal stability and char formation of PLA composites.

关 键 词：三聚氰胺盐 阻燃剂 聚乳酸 

分 类 号：TQ314.248[化学工程—高聚物工业]