“善待宽恕者”还是“报复非宽恕者”:基于博弈范式对冒犯者得到宽恕以后行为动机的研究  

Reward Forgiveness or Punish Unforgiveness:A Game Experiment of Offenders′Motivation of the Behavior Follow the Forgiveness

作　　者：张田[1] 傅宏[2] 朱婷婷[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学社会学系,南京210098 [2]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210024 [3]南京医科大学心理健康教育与研究中心,南京210029

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2017年第3期323-328,共6页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(14CSHO73);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(AE15001_13);南京理工大学科研启动金项目(AE89991)

摘　　要：近期国内外研究比较一致地认为冒犯者在得到宽恕后,不倾向于再次伤害被冒犯者。但这些研究并未解释冒犯者为什么这么做,是出于"善待宽恕者"的动机,还是出于"报复非宽恕者"的动机。为此,本研究通过囚徒困境的博弈范式研究了冒犯者得到宽恕以后的行为动机。结果显示,在"得到宽恕"的情境中,冒犯者善待对方的程度要显著高于"没有得到宽恕"和"不确定是否得到宽恕"的情境,而后两者之间没有显著差异。该结果一方面进一步验证了冒犯者得到宽恕以后不倾向于再次伤害对方的结论,另一方面也初步确定了冒犯者得到宽恕以后行为的动机,即"善待宽恕者",而非"报复非宽恕者",并对人际互动具有一定的指导意义。Some recent studies show that expression of forgiveness generally serves to deter rather than invite repeated offenses. But one question that remained after these studies was why offenders choose to do like this. Did them reward forgiveness or punish unforgiveness？ To explore offenders＇ motivation of the behavior follow the forgiveness, a prisoners＇ dilemma game was used in this study. And the results suggest that no matter the information was unforgiveness or neutral message, the participants would encourage repeat offenses, only when the participants receive a forgiveness message, that would deter repeat offenses. That means offenders are indeed responding favorably to forgiveness, and not just punishing the angry player. In addition, this result verifies once again that expressions of forgiveness generally serve to deter rather than invite repeat offenses, and also is a reference to interpersonal interaction.

关 键 词：宽恕 后续行为 行为动机 博弈范式. 

分 类 号：B848.4[哲学宗教—心理学]