从私人话语到公共文体——论伏尔泰哲理小说文体的诗学价值  

On the Poetic Value of Voltaire's Philosophical Fiction

作　　者：吴康茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院比较文学系,北京100089

出　　处：《外国文学》2017年第3期37-46,共10页Foreign Literature

摘　　要：哲理小说最初作为私人话语的言说方式,因对18世纪法国诸多社会问题的深入探讨,最终获得了社会广泛的认同,从而演变成了一种公共文体。伏尔泰以历史学家和哲学家双重身份意识致力于这一体裁的创造。他既娴熟地掌握了哲理故事的讲述艺术,又巧妙地运用符号编码,将哲理小说转变为智慧叙事,用这种独特的文体言说敏感话题,针砭时代弊端。他充分挖掘这种文体潜在的诗学价值,利用它道出"沉默的真理",最终使得哲理小说成为法国百科全书派作家思考民族性问题、表达知识界普遍诉求的最有效的方式。Philosophical fiction evolved from a speech pattern of private discourse into a well-accepted public genre, since it touched upon social problems in the 18th-century France. Conscious of his double identities as a historian and a philosopher, Voltaire initiated this very genre. Besides being adept at mastering the art of story telling, he was also skilled in making its narration into a smart game by his encoding technique, utilizing it for an approach to address sensitive subjects and social malaises in his times. He tried to tap the latent poetic value in the discourse of this genre and to make full use of it for telling ＂the silent truth.＂ Finally philosophical fiction became one of the most effective ways of expression, which was used by French Encyclopedistes for pondering over national problems and conveying the wills of the intellectual circle.

关 键 词：伏尔泰 哲理小说 哲学寓言 言语行为 公共文体 

分 类 号：I565[文学—其他各国文学]