口供的自由、自愿原则研究--法国模式及评价  

Principle of Free and Voluntary Confession——French Model and Evaluation

作　　者：施鹏鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心 [2]中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《比较法研究》2017年第3期56-70,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：受欧洲人权法院的压力,法国于2011年出台了《刑事拘留法》,明确了口供的自由、自愿原则。在内容上,口供自由、自愿原则包括权利告知、获取口供的合法性限制以及非法口供排除的自由评价。从制度设计上,法国式的口供自由、自愿原则具有三大特点:以判例为主导的非法口供排除规则体系、"相对无效为主、绝对无效为辅"的排除标准以及以中立司法官为主要的权力监督机构。尽管口供的自由、自愿原则已在法国扎根并日渐成熟,但仍带有浓厚的职权主义色彩。从根本而论,"社会利益优先"、"国家权力主导"、"追求实质真实"等核心目标在法国刑事诉讼中未发生根本变化,公权力机构在刑事司法体系中还处于较优势的地位。Under the pressure of European Court of Human Rights, France has issued Criminal Detention Law in 2011, defining the principle of free and voluntary confession. The content of this principle includes the requirement of admonitions, legal restrictions of acquiring confession and free evaluation of illegal confession. In aspect of system arrangements, the French model about the principle of free and voluntary confession has three main features： the precedents as main source about the exclusion of illegal confession, giving priority to relative invalidity with supplement of absolute invalidity and safeguard of the neutral magistrate. Even though the principle has rooted in France and matured gradually, it displays a strong color of inquisitorial system. Basically, there are no radical changes to the key target in French criminal procedure, such as ＂preference to public interest＂ , ＂the predominance of state power＂ and ＂pursuit of material truth＂. The judicial authorities remain a predominate position in the criminal justice system.

关 键 词：口供自由 自愿原则非法口供排除实质真实 

分 类 号：D956.5[政治法律—法学] DD915.3