网络虚拟人格保护的困境与前路  

Difficult Position and Ways out of Cyber Virtual Personality

作　　者：李佳伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2017年第3期193-200,共8页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2016年国家社科基金青年项目"网络空间中的言论自由与法律规制研究"(16CFX014)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国《民法总则》首次确立了数据和虚拟财产的客体地位,但网络虚拟人格的固有部分保护容易被忽略。在个人网店的名誉被侵害的情况下,通常只能主张经营者个人的名誉权受到了侵害。至于游戏人物的虚拟人格的名誉以及操作游戏的自然人的名誉,在特定的能够识别并将二者联系起来的群体中,可看作是重合的;在其他情况下,二者被视为不同客体,也就是说,对于上述名誉的侵害,视为一个侵权行为侵害了不同的客体。网络虚拟人格的保护方式有二种:一是把虚拟人格归为虚拟财产,从而使虚拟人格被自然人人格吸收,这也是目前《民法总则》体现的保护方法;二是承认虚拟人格的准人格性,让虚拟人格和自然人人格一定程度分离,在虚拟人格商业化过程中弱化其人格属性。The statue of object of database and virtual possession is founded by General Principles of Civil Law for the first time, but the protection for the stable part of the cyber virtual personality couht be easily ignored. In the circumstance that the reputation of an online shop owned by a natural person is damaged, usually, the proteetion could only be claimed based on the natural person owner＇ s right of reputation. With regard to the reputation of a virtual personality in an online game and that of the natural person game player, they could only be considered as one personality by some certain group of people who could recognize and make connection of them; as for the other circumstances, they shall be considered as two independent objects which means in case of infringement, it should be considered as two damages caused by one infringed action. The protection method of cyber virtual personality shall be the follows： the first method is to categorize the virtual personality as virtual that the first would be absorbed by natural personality. This is exactly the protection method used by the General Principles of Civil Law ; The seeond one is to confirm the quasi - personality natural of the virtual personality for the purpose of departing it from the natural personality and to weakening the personality nature of the first during its colnmercialization procedure.

关 键 词：网络虚拟人格 名誉权 虚拟财产 准人格 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]