变桨距角下水平轴海流能水轮机水动力特性及结构性能  

Hydrodynamic and structural characteristics of horizontal axis current turbine under different pitch angles

作　　者：刘恒[1] 王文全[1] 闫妍[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学建筑工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2017年第5期393-397,共5页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479085;11262008);霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金资助项目(141120)

摘　　要：基于CFD对海流能水轮机二维水翼进行数值模拟,通过分析不同攻角下的升阻比,得到了该水翼的最佳攻角.利用Matlab对Wilson设计法进行编程,完成设计功率为20 k W海流能水轮机叶片的三维设计.利用CFD对水平轴海流能整体发电装置及支撑结构周围流场进行了计算,研究了功率系数、力矩系数和轴向力系数在不同桨距角下随叶尖速比的变化情况;采用有限单元法对水动力载荷作用下的水平轴潮流能整体发电装置进行结构计算,探讨了水轮机叶片的应力和应变在不同桨距角下随叶尖速比的变化情况.结果表明:在1°~5°的桨距角范围内,增大桨距角,有利于低转速下启动水轮机;流速过大时,增大桨距角可有效减小轴向荷载及叶片的形变和应力;在最优工况下,水轮机的功率系数达到0.301,并且满足材料强度要求.研究成果有益于海流能水轮机装置的设计和优化.Based on the results of a two-dimensional hydrofoil obtained by computational fluid dynamics （CFD） , the best angle of attack for the hydrofoil determined firstly by means of the lift to drag ratio chart at various angles of attack. The three-dimensional blades of a horizontal axis current turbine with 20 kW rated power were designed by using the Wilson method in Matlab. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the current turbine, such as the power, moment and axial thrust coefficients were predicted using CFD under different pitch angles and tip speed ratios. The static structural characteristics were also calculated using finite element method under various hydro-loads, the stress and strain in the blades were analyzed. The results show that increasing pitch angle in the range of 1°-5°could be helpful to reduce the starting moment at a low tip speed ratio, moreover, increasing pitch angle can reduce the axial load, deformation and stress when the axial flow velocity is too high. The power coefficient of the turbine can reach to 0. 301 and its structure can meet the requirements of material strength under the optimal operating condition. These achievements can be favourable to the design and optimization of marine current turbines.

关 键 词：水平轴海流能水轮机 水动力特性 应力应变 攻角 桨距角 叶尖速比 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]