添加矿粉对农业废弃物育苗基质化学性质的影响  

Effect of Mineral Powder on Chemical Property of Seedling Substrate Produced From Agricultural Waste

作　　者：刘丹[1] 张霞[1] 柴小媛 赵世翔[1] 李忠徽 王旭东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第11期170-174,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD14B11);杨陵示范区科技计划资助项目(2014SF-02)

摘　　要：秸秆和畜禽粪便等农业废弃物代替草炭生产的育苗基质因存在小分子有机酸、铵态氮含量高等问题而影响到种子发芽和幼苗的生长。为改善这类育苗基质对种子发芽和幼苗生长的不良影响,以杨凌某公司生产的基质(该基质以菌糠、锯末、畜禽粪便等为主要原料)为材料,通过添加一种矿粉进行培养和育苗试验,研究矿粉添加比例对基质化学性质和小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)发芽和生理指标的影响。结果表明:添加矿粉使基质的pH提高、NH_4^+-N/NO_3^--N比值和丁酸含量减小;与对照(不添加矿粉)相比,在矿粉添加比例为7%的条件下,小白菜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别提高了35%、22.87%、34.6%;根际活力、叶绿素含量分别提高70.2%、32.1%,达到差异显著水平。The seedling substrate produced from agricultural waste （straw,livestock manure,etc.） rather than peat has high content of small molecule organic acid and ammonium salt.This property could affect seed generation and seedling growth.To reduce this side effect,the substrate which the main raw material of fungus chaff,sawdust and poultry manure,produced by a company in Yangling was used as the main material.And the chemical property of substrate was changed by adding different percent of a certain kind of mineral powder in order to study its influence on the chemical property of seedling substrate,the germination and physiological indexes of Brassica chinensis L. The results showed that adding mineral powder to the substrate can increase the pH of media,while decrease the ratio of NH4＋-N/NO3--N and the content of butyric acid.When the addition ratio was 7%,the seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,root activity and chlorophyll content of Brassica chinensis L.were increased significantly by 35%,22.87%,34.6%,70.2%,32.1% respectively,in comparison with the substrate without any mineral power.

关 键 词：农业废弃物 育苗基质 矿粉 小白菜 发芽率 根系活力 

分 类 号：S604.3[农业科学—园艺学]