高寒草甸植被-土壤系统对气候变暖响应的研究进展  

Response of alpine meadow vegetation-soil system to climate change:A review

作　　者：马丽[1] 徐满厚[1] 翟大彤[2] 贾燕燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院地理科学学院,山西晋中030600 [2]大同大学,山西大同037009

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第6期1708-1717,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501219);山西省应用基础研究计划项目(2016021136);山西省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划课题(晋规办字[2015]3号);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(晋教科[2016]4号);山西省高等学校重点学科建设项目(晋教研函[2016]4号);太原师范学院研究生教育创新项目(SYYJSJC-1607);太原师范学院大学生科技创新基金项目(SYTWKC-1610)资助

摘　　要：低温限制环境下发育的高寒草甸对气候变暖响应极为敏感,因此,研究高寒草甸响应气候变暖特征对预测未来气候变化下高寒生态系统可能产生的变化具有重要意义。为进一步加深高寒生态系统响应气候变暖机制的理解,从植物个体水平、群落水平特征,以及土壤物理、化学、生物特性等方面,综述了气候变暖对高寒草甸植被-土壤系统的影响,并指出现有研究存在的不确定性,同时对今后的工作做了展望。温度升高促进高寒草甸植物生长发育。在适度增温下植物的光合呼吸、生物量、物种多样性有所增加,然而不同植物种类具有不同的生理结构和生态位,加之增温幅度和时间不同,导致植物光合呼吸强度、生物量分配、物候期出现差异;而温度过度升高则会导致高寒草甸物种趋于单一化,引起物种多样性降低,对群落演替产生重要影响。同时,温度升高增加高寒草甸土壤温度,减少土壤含水量,从而导致土壤有机碳含量降低或增加。在短期增温下,土壤碳和酶活性升高,土壤呼吸速率增加;但随着时间延长,土壤呼吸速率不再增加,表现出对增温的适应性。因此,高寒草甸生态系统不同组分和各生命过程对温度响应模式的差异,导致了气候变暖对高寒草甸植被-土壤系统各组分的影响存在很大不确定性,建议深入开展不同增温幅度和时间下高寒草甸植被-土壤系统各组分正负效应的定量化阈值判断及其生态-分子生物学响应机制研究。Alpine meadows occur in low temperature environments and are highly sensitive to cli- mate warming. The response of alpine meadows to climate warming will help predict the possible impact of future climate change on alpine ecosystems. nisms of alpine ecosystem responses to climate change, munity level, and in relation to the physical, chemical viewed the effects of warming on vegetation-soil system To deepen understanding of the mecha- from the individual plant level, the corn- and biological properties of soil, we re- of alpine meadow. We identified uncer- tainties in recent studies on the influences of climate warming on alpine meadow ecosystems and set out guidelines for future research on these issues. Rising temperature can promote the growth and development of alpine meadow plants. Plant photosynthetic and respiration rates, biomass and species diversity increase under moderate warming. However, different plant species have different physiological structures and ecological niches, which interact with the amplitude and du- ration of increasing temperature. This can result in variations of plant photosynthesis and respira- tion intensity, biomass allocation and phenological phases. Excessive temperature rises tend to simplify alpine meadow ecosystems and ultimately cause a reduction in species diversity, which influence community succession. Rising air temperature increases soil temperature, reduces soil moisture and has a mixed effect on soil organic carbon. Under short-term warming, soil carbon and enzyme activity increase, raising the soil respiration rate. Over time, the soil respiration rate shows an adaptation to temperature rise. The response models to temperature vary according to their different components and the life processes of species in alpine meadow ecosystems. This leads to large uncertainties in the effects of climate warming on various components of plant and soil ecosystems in alpine meadows. We suggest to find a quantified threshold for the positive and negative effects on alpine meadow v

关 键 词：气候变暖 高寒草甸 植被 土壤 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]