早熟抗倒伏适合机械化收获的花生品种宇花5号的培育  

Breeding of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Variety Yuhua 5 with Early Maturing,Lodging-resistant and Suitable for Mechanized Harvesting Traits

作　　者：李冠[1] 刘录祥[2] 崔山 乔利仙[1] 隋炯明[1] 赵琳姝 王晶珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学生命科学学院/山东省高校植物生物技术重点实验室,青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程国家农作物航天诱变技术改良中心,北京100081 [3]青岛谱尼测试有限公司,青岛266101

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2017年第6期985-990,共6页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31471524和No.31571705)

摘　　要：花生(Arachis hypogaea)是重要的油料和经济作物,但其遗传基础狭窄、多样性差,通过杂交育种手段选育有突破性的花生新品种越来越困难。为了丰富花生遗传资源,开拓新的育种方法,本论文对快中子辐照诱变结合组织培养创造花生新种质进行了研究。以花生品种鲁花11号干种子为试材,进行快中子辐照处理后,取种子胚小叶进行培养,诱导体细胞胚的形成和植株再生。再生苗经无菌嫁接后移栽田间,后代按系谱法进行选育,并育成花生新品种宇花5号。宇花5号高产、早熟、抗倒伏、适合机械化收获,2015年通过辽宁省非主要农作物品种认定,比对照品种白沙17平均增产15.03%。研究结果说明,辐照诱变结合组织培养是创造花生新种质、培育新品种的有效方法;通过此种方法培育出了早熟抗倒伏适合机械化收获的花生品种——宇花5号。Peanut （Arachis hypogaea） is an important oil and economic crop, but the breeding develops slowly for the narrow genetic resources and low genetic diversity. In order to search new breeding method and broaden the germplasm resources, new peanut gerrnplasms were created by fast neutron irradiation and in vitro tissue. Dry seeds of peanut variety Luhua 11 were irradiated by fast neutron irradiation with dosage of 9.7 Gy. The explants of embryonic leaflets were separated from the irradiated seeds and inoculated on the media containing 10 mg/L 2,4-D for inducing somatic embryo formation. After 4 weeks culture, the subcultures were transferred to the media supplemented with 4 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP） for inducing somatic embryo germination and plant regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were grafted and transplanted into field. Some mutants with characteristics of long stem and branch, early maturing, easy to sprout, variable pod shape and orange endopleura have been obtained. A new peanut variety Yuhua 5 with the characteristics of early maturity, lodging-resistant and suitable for mechanized harvesting was also obtained. Yuhua 5 had passed peanut variety regional multi-location trials in Liaoning province 2015, and the yield of which was 15.03% higher than control variety Baisha 17. The research showed that it is a new and effective way of creating new germplasms and breeding new varieties by irradiation and in vitro tissue in peanut. A new peanut variety Yuhua 5 has been cultivated by this way.

关 键 词：花生品种 快中子辐照 离体培养 早熟 抗倒伏 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]