稻收麦播秸秆覆盖还田一体化装备的设计与试验  

Design and test of integrated equipment with rice harvesting,wheat sowing and straw mulching functions

作　　者：顾克军[1] 杨四军[1] 张传辉[1] 顾东祥[1] 张斯梅[1] 刘勇 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京市210014 [2]江苏省农业机械试验鉴定站,南京市210017

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2017年第5期23-27,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)专项(201503136-7);江苏省重点研发项目(BE2015673);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1001)

摘　　要：为提升秸秆还田条件下稻茬麦播种质量、提早播期与提高工作效率的需要,设计稻收麦播秸秆覆盖还田一体化装备。以久保田PRO688Q联合收割机为母机,将小麦播种装置安装在收割机输送装置上方,通过链轮将收割机驱动轮轴的动力传输至种子箱内的排种轴进行排种,种子经6根均匀分布的输种管下落至地表,秸秆随后覆盖。测试作业试验结果显示,在播量被分别设置为150、225和300kg/hm2时,实际播量的变异系数分别为6.2%、3.3%和2.5%;在收割留茬25cm条件下,稻收麦播秸秆覆盖还田一体化作业效率为0.277hm2/h,田间切碎秸秆分布的变异系数为19.3%。该装备可替代传统的零共生人工稻田套播小麦作业,同时为稻麦轮作地区稻田套播小麦与秸秆还田复式作业机械的研制提供了研究思路。In order to improve the wheat sowing quality growing after rice, make the wheat sow earlier and increase the working effi- ciency with the situation of straw returning, integrated equipment with rice harvesting, wheat sowing and straw mulching functions was designed. Based on KUBATO PRO688Q combine harvester, wheat-seeding device was installed over the conveying device, power was transmitted from live axle to sowing axle for seed metering, by using chain-wheels. Seeds can be dropped on the field through six equally distributed seed pipes, and covered by rice straw later. The results show that when seeding quantities are set at 150, 225 and 300kg/hmz , the variation coefficient of actual seeding are 6.2%, 3.3% and 2.5M respectively. With 25cm stubble height, the opera- tion efficiency of this designed equipment is 0. 277hm2/h, variation coefficient of shredded straw distribution is 19.3%. This new e- quipment can replace the traditional and artificial technique of intercropping wheat in paddy field, which has zero symbiosis time, and provide research ideas for the development of integrated equipment with rice harvesting, wheat sowing and straw mulching functions.

关 键 词：稻套麦 秸秆覆盖 联合收割机 前置播种装置 后置秸秆切碎装置 设计 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]