基于碳平衡核算的寒冷地区高校校园低碳建设策略研究  

Research on low-carbon construction strategy of campus in cold area based on carbon balance accounting

作　　者：邹苒[1] 张晨悦[2,3] 房涛[2] 王崇杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院,山东济南250100 [2]山东建筑大学建筑城规学院,山东济南250101 [3]上海市建工设计研究院有限公司,上海200235

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年第4期144-150,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目"寒冷地区近零能耗住宅设计参数量化控制与关键变量协调机理研究"(批准号:51608308);山东省重点研发项目"预制装配被动式超低能耗绿色建筑关键技术研发与示范"(批准号:2015GSF122006);山东省高校人文社科研究计划项目"山东省绿色建筑成本与效益增量分析及前景预测评析"(批准号:J13WF63)

摘　　要：以校园碳平衡核算为主要技术手段的量化分析,能够目标明确的阐释校园内碳排放和碳吸收情况,根据碳排放量和碳吸收量占比制定相应的校园低碳减排建设策略,对高校今后的低碳化发展能够提供科学性、准确性的量化依据。本文考虑到碳排放因子的差异性,以实体项目作为分析基础,遴选与集成既有碳排放核算方法,进行了寒冷地区校园碳平衡核算。目标校园为山东建筑大学新校区,计算边界为山东建筑大学新校区空间范围内所有建筑和设施运行产生的、与学校日常事务相关的全部能源消费CO2排放。计算时间以2014年为参照基准年份,以2015年为主要计算年份。碳平衡计算结果表明:2015年校园碳排放量,建筑为20 051 t,交通为171 t,生活为6 576 t;碳吸收量中绿植固碳11 936 t,光伏固碳266 t,净排放24 596 t。校园碳排放系数为3.02,人均碳排放系数为1.04。分析核算数据,校园内碳排放量主要集中于建筑的日常运行用能排放,建筑用能排放中煤炭>电力>天然气,所涉及耗能用途主要为冬季采暖、空调、照明、热水及炊事。因此,这些用能成为影响校园碳排放的主要影响因素,据此提出高校校园碳减排策略,主要包括:基于碳平衡预测下的校园规划;遵从地域气候特征的生态补偿;建筑单体的低碳化设计与改造;设备系统的低碳化调适与更新;可再生能源的替代性应用。Quantitative analysis on campus carbon balance accounting, as the main technical means, clearly illustrates the campus carbon emission sources and their proportion with the data of carbon emissions, which decides low carbon emission strategies of the campus and guides the campus low carbon development scientifically. Considering the difference of carbon emission factors, this paper accounted the corresponding carbon emissions of an actual project Shandong Jianzhu University with the existing carbon emission accounting methods selected and integrated. The accounting included the CO2 emissions of all energy consumption related to the daily operation of all the buildings and facilities in the new campus. The accounting in 2015, taking the calculated value of 2014 as the reference, showed that 20 051 t carbon emissions were from buildings, 171 t from transportation, 6 576 t from daily life, and 11 936 t carbon was fixed by plant, 266 t carbon by PC. The net emissionswas 24 596 t. The campus carbon balance coefficient was 3.02, the per capita carbon emission coefficient was 1.04. According to the accounting data, carbon emissions were mainly from daily operation of buildings including winter heating, air conditioning, lighting, water heating and cooking. Coal, electricity and natural gas were consumed while coal emitted most carbon but natural gas emitted least. Therefore it puts forward following measures to reduce carbon emissions including campus planning based on carbon balance prediction, greenbelt ecological compensation complied with regional climatic, lowcarbon design and improvement of single building, low carbon adaptation and replacement of equipment system, and application of renewable energy.

关 键 词：碳平衡 寒冷地区 高校校园 建设策略 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]