中国亚热带地区2000—2014年林火排放颗粒物时空动态变化  

Temporal and spatial characteristics of particulate matter emission from forest fires in Subtropical China during 2000—2014

作　　者：靳全锋 马祥庆[1,2] 王文辉[1,2] 杨夏捷 郭福涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]海峡两岸红壤区水土保持协同创新中心,福州350002

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2017年第6期2238-2247,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31400552);福建农林大学杰出青年基金项目(No.xjq201613);福建农林大学国际科技合作与交流项目(No.KXB16008A);福建省自然科学基金(No.2015J05049)~~

摘　　要：林火是森林生态系统重要干扰因子并对大气环境和人类健康有显著影响.该研究基于2000—2014年中国亚热带地区卫星火点数据,结合林业统计年鉴,估算各区域林火燃烧生物量,运用排放因子法,估算15年间中国亚热带地区林火排放颗粒物总量.研究结果表明,亚热带地区林火存在季节性差异,福建、广东、广西、湖南和江西林火主要集中在春、秋两季;贵州和云南林火主要集中在春季;浙江林火集中在春、夏两季.亚热带地区森林可燃物总燃烧量为333.92 Mt,污染物PM2.5、OC、EC和TC总量分别为:698.33、338.18、40.04和378.22 kt,此外,各污染物排放在时间和空间上不均衡,各污染物排放量多集中在云南南部和东南部,湖南、贵州和广东交汇处,广东东南部和福建中部等区域;PM2.5、OC、EC和TC在浙江、云南、贵州、湖南和江西呈显著增长趋势.林火释放PM2.5与工业粉尘的排放比变化趋势总体呈上升趋势,说明森林火灾导致的颗粒物排放对大气环境影响力呈逐年增长趋势.该文通过对中国亚热带地区林火释放污染物的时空变化研究,为深入揭示林火对区域环境的影响提供数据支持.Forest fire is a crucial disturbance factor for forest ecosystems and has significant influence on air quality and human health. The satellite observations on forest fires during 2000-2014 were used in combination with the Forestry Statistical Yearbook to estimate the consumption of biomass load and the total emission of particulate matters in the subtropical forest of China. The results showed that the fire seasons in the subtropical forest varies spatially. The fires in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi mainly occurred in Spring and Autumn, those in Guizhou and Yunnan occurred in Spring and those in Zhejiang likely occurred in Spring and Summer. The total consumption of biomass fuel in subtropical area was 333.92 Mt, and the total emission of PM2.5, OC, EC and TC were 698.33, 338.18, 40.04 and 378.22 kt, respectively. In addition, the emission of pollutants were spatially unbalanced. The pollutants were concentrated in the south and southeast of Yunnan and the intersection between Hunan, Guizhou and Guangdong. Additionally, the southeastern Guangdong and central Fujian were also significantly covered by the emitted pollutants. The emission of PM2.5, OC, EC and TC significant increased in Zhejiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi. The ratio between the released PM2.5 from forest fire and the corresponding dust from industry had an overall upward trend, demonstrating that the influence power of the particulate matter caused by forest fire on atmosphere environment was increasing year by year. The study improved the understandings of the impacts of forest fire on air quality in China＇s subtropical forest regions.

关 键 词：亚热带森林 林火 颗粒物 时空变化 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]