2014-2016年江苏省农村环境卫生调查结果分析  

Rural environmental sanitation in Jiangsu,2014-2016

作　　者：于洋[1] 郑浩[1] 费娟[1] 陈晓东[1] 丁震[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境疾病(地方病)防制所,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第11期1944-1949,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会公益性行业科研专项(201302004)

摘　　要：目的为客观评价2014-2016年江苏省农村环境卫生情况的变化。方法按照简单随机抽样的方法从江苏省全部13个省辖市中选取65个乡镇260个村1300个农户。调查生活垃圾、生活污水处理情况、村内工业/养殖业企业情况,集中式供水工程,家庭卫生情况,土壤重金属检测情况。结果 2014-2016年,被调查行政村中,生活垃圾随意堆放比例由6.2%降至1.5%,生活污水随意排放情况依然存在(21.9%,32.7%,20.8%);被调查企业中,污水直接排放的情况依然存在(21.8%,65.0%,35.7%);采用"未消毒"供水方式的村内集中式供水工程比例逐年下降(P<0.05);被调查农户家庭中,卫生户厕覆盖率分别为86.5%,76.8%,85.4%,不在田里焚烧秸秆的农户比例分别为95.2%,97.8%,96.1%,家庭农药使用率有一定下降(P<0.01);农村土壤镉含量的超标率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01)。结论 2014-2016年,江苏省农村地区垃圾处理方式发生转变,企业污水排放管理逐渐规范,秸秆焚烧和农膜使用均得到较好的控制,家庭农药使用减少,土壤重金属超标情况得到改善。Objective To evaluate the rural environmental health situation in Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2016. Methods Simple random sampling method was used to select 65 towns ,260 villages and 1300 peasant households from 13 cities in Jiangsu Province. We investigated the status of domestic sewage treatment, industrial and aquaculture enterprises, centralized water supply project and family health in the village. We detected the heavy metal in the soil as well. Results From 2014 to 2016, in the investigated villages, the rate of free garbage dumping decreased from 6.2% to 1.5% , hut the phenomenon of discharging life sewage directly still existed （21.9% , 32.7% , 20.8% ）. In investigated enterprises, the rates of discharging life sewage directly were 21.80% ,65.00% and 35.71% respectively. The rates of centralized water supply projects with the way of ＂non - sterile＂ water supply in the village decreased year by year. The proportion of unsterilized treatment in centralized water supply works had declined （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. In the investigated families, sanitary toilet coverage rate were 86.5% , 76.8% and 85.4% respectively,the rates of farmers who did not burn straw in the fields were 95.2% ,97.8% and 96.1% respectively, and the rates of pesticide using declined （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The rates of excessive Cd in the soil also declined in the past three years （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Garbage treatment mode has changed in the rural areas of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2016. Management of industry sewage discharge has been more standardized, straw burning and agricultural film using have been well controlled, family pesticide using has decreased, soil quality has been improved.

关 键 词：农村 垃圾 污水 秸秆焚烧 农药 土壤 镉 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]