典型稀土资源提取分离过程的绿色化学进展及趋势  

Progress and Trend of Green Chemistry in Extraction and Separation of Typical Rare Earth Resources

作　　者：冯宗玉[1,2] 黄小卫[1,2] 王猛[1,2] 张国成[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院稀土材料国家工程研究中心,北京100088 [2]有研稀土新材料股份有限公司,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2017年第5期604-612,共9页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAB16B01;2015BAB16B03);国家自然科学基金项目(51504034;51674037)资助

摘　　要：我国针对其稀土资源特点自主开发出一系列先进的冶炼分离技术并推广应用,随着稀土产业规模的增长,资源与环境问题已成为制约稀土行业健康可持续发展的瓶颈。为此,本文综述了稀土冶炼分离行业的发展现状及面临的挑战,重点介绍了包头混合型稀土矿、四川氟碳铈矿、南方离子型稀土矿的典型绿色提取分离新工艺及应用情况,主要包括离子型稀土原矿浸萃一体化新技术、新一代包头混合型稀土矿绿色冶炼分离工艺、低碳低盐无氨氮分离提纯稀土新工艺等,为我国稀土资源高效、清洁开发提供了有力的技术支撑。同时提出稀土提取分离下一步将继续向提高资源利用率、物料循环利用、污染近零排放的绿色化学方向发展。A series of advanced extraction and separation technologies have been developed by China and widely applied in the rare earth industry according to the characteristics of rare earth resources. However, resources and environment issues have become the bot- tleneck problems restricting the healthy sustainable development of the rare earth industry with the increasing of industrial scale of rare earths. Therefore, the development situation and the existing ehallenges in the rare earth extraction and separation industry have been reviewed in this paper. This paper mainly introduced the typical novel processes and the industrial application situation for the green extraction and separation of Baotou mixed rare earth ore, Sichuan bastnaesite, and ion-adsorbed rare earth ore. These technologies in- cluding new technology of ion-absorbed rare earth ore leaching extraction integration, new green technology for Baotou mixed rare earth ore smehing separation, rare earths extraction and separation with low-carbon low-salt as well as free ammonia, provide powerful tech- nical support for the efficient and clean development of rare earth resources in china. Finally, it is proposed that the progress and trend of green chemistry in the extraction and separation of rare earth resources will continue to improve the utilization of resources, recycling of materials, pollution near zero emissions.

关 键 词：稀土资源 提取分离 绿色化学 环境 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]