已然/未然范畴下时体助词的同形异质性  

On the Homonymy of Chinese Tense-aspect Particles under Realis-irrealis Distinction

作　　者：于秀金[1] 吴春相[2] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学外国语学院,山东曲阜273165 [2]上海外国语大学国际文化交流学院,上海200083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2017年第3期22-32,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"平衡语种样本视阈下时-体范畴的类型与共性研究"(项目编号:15BYY174)资助

摘　　要：本文探讨现代汉语时体助词"了/着/过"的同形异质性,"了_1/了_2/着_1/过_(1-2)"属于较为典型的时体助词,而"了_3/了_4/着_2/着_3/过_3"是前者的同形异质语素。这些不同语素在共时句法分布、历时语法地位以及语法化程度三个方面具有显著差异。在汉语中性语境下的独立小句中,相对于时-体-情态三个范畴,已然/未然是一个更为显赫的范畴,时体助词主要表达已然范畴,未然范畴则主要由情态副词或情态助动词来表达。From synchronic and diachronic approach, attempts to demonstrate that modern Chinese tense-aspect particles ＂le/zhe/guo＂ has the characteristic of homonymy. ＂le1/le2/zhe1/guo1-2＂ are relatively typical tense-aspect particles, while ＂le3/le4/zhe2/zhe3/guo3＂ belong to their homonyms. These morphemes differentiate in synchronic distribution, diachronic status and degree of grammaticalization. In Chinese decontextualized independent clauses, realis-irrealis category tends to be more mighty or prominent than tense-aspect-modality category. Tense-aspect particles serve to express realis meaning while modal adverbs/auxiliaries to express irrealis meaning.

关 键 词：时体助词 同形异质性 已然/未然 时-体-情态 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]