焦点解释理论对“只”字句语义歧指的解释  

A Study on the Semantic Ambiguity of the “zhi” Sentence in the Context of the Focus Interpretation Theory

作　　者：殷何辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《汉语学习》2017年第3期33-40,共8页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：中国人民大学项目"副词‘只’的语义指向研究"(项目编号:RMULA-14003)资助

摘　　要：本文尝试在形式语义学的背景下,将汉语中的语义指向问题和焦点理论结合起来,引入焦点解释理论对"只"字句的语义歧指进行个案分析。"只"作为焦点敏感算子,其语义会与辖域内的焦点相关联,从而指向其辖域内的焦点成分。根据Rooth的选项语义学理论,"只"字句中焦点关联效应产生的机制为:"只"字句的焦点解释限制了焦点敏感算子"只"的量化域,因此随着其辖域内焦点位置的不同,"只"的量化域的语义值也随着变化,从而造成句子真值条件的不同,即句子不同的语义解释,这是"只"字句语义歧指形成的深层原因。最后,文章提出将此分析推广到汉语中其他的焦点敏感算子的假设。This article attempts to apply the theory of focus in the issue of Chinese semantic orientation in the context of formal semantics, and introduces the theory of focus interpretation to the case analysis of the semantic ambiguity of the ＂zhi＂ sentence. First, it is proved that, as a focus sensitive operator, the semantic of the ＂zhi＂ associates with the focused constituent within the scope of＂zhi＂. Then it applies Rooth＇s Alternative Semantics for Focus theory to analyze how the focuses affect the semantics of the ＂zhi＇ sentence： The focus interpretation of ＂zhi＂ sentence restricts the domain of quantification of ＂zhi＂, as the result, when the position of focus changes, the semantic value of the domain of quantification of ＂zhr＇ also changes, thus causing different truth conditions of the sentence, i.e. the sentence has different semantic interpretations. This is the deep-seated reason of the semantic ambiguity of＂zhi＂ sentence. At last place, it puts forward the hypothesis of generalizing the analysis to other focus sensitive operators in Chinese.

关 键 词：焦点解释理论 焦点敏感 “只” 语义歧指 选项语义学 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]