高频超纲词的覆盖率及语义透明度  

A Study on the Coverage and Semantic Transparency of Words Exceeding the Standard of Vocabulary

作　　者：宋贝贝[1] 周小兵[1] 金檀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学外国语学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《汉语学习》2017年第3期95-104,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目"基于语料库的汉语教材词汇多角度研究"(项目编号:14BYY089);中国博士后科学基金项目第59批面上资助项目"面向国际汉语教学的复合词语义透明度研究"(项目编号:2016M592559)资助

摘　　要：本文通过一项实证研究考察325册国际汉语教材中高频超纲词的覆盖率及语义透明度。结果表明:高频超纲词的覆盖率高于词汇大纲高级"附表"词的覆盖率,这对于提升教材文本的词汇覆盖率有重要作用。高频超纲词在语义透明度的各个类别都有分布,其中"完全透明"类占绝大多数。"完全透明"类高频超纲词主要有四种内部组合模式。根据研究结果,本文建议在词表研制及修订方面,可适当吸收覆盖率较高且语义透明度为非"完全透明"类词语;在教材编写方面,可把"完全透明"类高频超纲词编入课文,但无需编入生词表;在词汇教学方面,不同语义透明度类别词语应采取不同的教学法。This paper presents an empirical study about the situation of coverage and semantic transparency of words exceeding the standard of vocabulary in 325 international Chinese textbooks. The results show that： The coverage of high-frequency words exceeding the standard of vocabulary is higher than the coverage of advanced attached list words in the standard of vocabulary. It is very important to make the coverage of unknown words greatly improved. High- frequency words exceeding the standard of vocabulary are distributed in each grade of semantic transparency, which high level semantic transparency words occupy the highest proportion. This article also summarizes four main internal combination modes and features of high level semantic transparency and high-frequency words exceeding the standard of vocabulary. At last, it points out the significance of enlightenment for developing and revising vocabulary list, preparing teaching materials and teaching vocabulary.

关 键 词：高频超纲词 覆盖率 语义透明度 

分 类 号：H195.1[语言文字—汉语]