法律移植与制度惯性的冲突——以国民政府监察院之弹劾权为例  

Conflict Between the Legal Transplant and the Institutional Inertia Taking the Impeachment Power of the Supervision Department of Nanjing National Government as an Example

作　　者：郭相宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学法学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第3期21-30,共10页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"法治文化的传统资源及其创造性转化研究"(14ZDC023)

摘　　要：孙中山结合中国古代御史监察制度和英美三权分立制度,提出五权宪法理论,南京国民政府实行五院制,弹劾权是监察院最重要的权力。在南京国民政府时期,监察院对公务员的违法和失职行为均可弹劾。在二十余年的实践中,弹劾权对于整顿吏治、惩治贪腐发挥了一定的作用。但因专制体制的阻碍、党治体制的干预和政府腐败等原因,弹劾权最终难以彰显其价值,甚至成为一党独裁的工具。弹劾权的命运,折射出在历史转型期法律移植与制度惯性之间的冲突,须经很长时间才能逐步消解、相互适应。Sun Yat-sen put forward the theory of five-power constitution combining the supervision system in ancient China and the Anglo-American systemof separation of the three powers. Five-department system was executed in Nanjing National Government, and the impeachment power was the most important power belonging to the Supervision Department. In the Nanjing National Gov- ernment period, the Supervision Department had the impeachment power to both the civil servants＂ illegal and malpractice activi- ties. The impeachment power in more than 20 years＂ practice played a certain role in rectifying the management and punishing cor- ruption. However, due to the obstacle of authoritarian system, the intervention of the party-governing system and the government corruption, the impeachment power is ultimately difficult to demonstrate its value, and even become a tool of one party dictator ship. This shows that in the history of the transition, the conflict between the legal transplant and the Institutional inertia,can be e- liminated through a long time, and gradually the two can adapt to each other.

关 键 词：五权宪法 监察院 弹劾权 制度惯性 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]