氮肥基追比对花后高温胁迫的春小麦光合特性影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Dressing Ratios on Its Photosynthesis after Anthesis of Spring Wheat under High Temperature

作　　者：慕宇[1] 米美多 孙立影[1] 朱荣[1] 康建宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第5期1027-1034,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160255);黄土高原旱区增粮增效潜力与提升技术研究(2015BAD22B01)

摘　　要：【目的】本文研究了氮素基追比对花后高温胁迫下春小麦旗叶光合特性的影响。【方法】本研究在盆栽条件下,人工模拟高温,对光合速率、叶绿素含量、荧光特性和产量变化进行了研究。【结果】高温胁迫下,宁春4号与宁春47号叶绿素a,叶绿素b,叶绿素总含量,叶绿素a/b,P_n,G_s,F_v/F_0,F_v/F_m和PI下降显著,热耗散量子比率F_0/F_m升高,C_i变化不明显。但在高温和氮素互作下,氮肥基追比为3∶7和4∶6条件下春小麦旗叶叶绿素a,叶绿素b,叶绿素总含量,叶绿素a/b,P_n,G_s,F_v/F_0,F_v/F_m和PI下降的幅度较小,F_0/_Fm升高幅度较低。因此,高温胁迫对春小麦PSII活性造成一定损伤,但合理的氮肥基追比(3∶7和4∶6)可以明显缓解高温对春小麦PSII活性的影响,从而减轻高温胁迫对春小麦的伤害。【结论】生产上,可采取相应的栽培措施来缓解春小麦花后高温对籽粒灌浆的影响,适量的施用氮肥来缓解早衰,以提高春小麦的单产。[ Objective ] The present paper aims to analyze the variation of photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf affected by different nitro- gen dressing ratios under high temperature. [ Method ] The photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, fluorescence characteristics and output of spring wheat by potting and phytotron were studied continuously. [ Result] Under the stress of high temperature, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b, Pn, G=, Fv/Fo , Fv/Fm, PI, the number of gains per spike and grain weight of Ningchun 4 and Ningchun 47 were decreased, and F0/Fm was increased, but Ci did not change significantly. However, the con- tent of chlorophyll a, chlorophyl b, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b, Pn, G=, Fv/Fo, Fv/F~ ,P I, by high temperature under the nitrogen-based recovery ratio of 3：7 and 4：6 were decreased less, also the Fo/Fm was increased lower. Therefore, the liveuess of PSII could be damaged by high temperature, the reasonable nitrogen dressing ratios （ 3： 7 and 4：6 ） could significantly alleviate the effect of high temperature on PSII and the damage of wheat. [ Conclusion] In production, appropriate measures could be taken to mitigate the effect of high temperature on grain filling after anthesis to reach the goal of raising fields, and an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer would alleviate the premature.

关 键 词：春小麦 高温 氮素 光合特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]