云南锡矿尾矿库土壤肥力特征与重金属污染分析  

Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Fertility Properties in Tin Tailings Storehouse of Yunnan Province

作　　者：张德刚[1] 袁寒[1] 刘艳红[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省高校农作物优质高效栽培与安全控制重点实验室,红河学院生命科学与技术学院,云南蒙自661100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第5期1158-1161,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2011FB091);云南省教育厅重点科研基金(2009Z0093;2010y166)

摘　　要：【目的】为研究云南个旧锡矿尾矿库(大屯选厂尾矿库、老厂尾矿库和黄茅山尾矿库)土壤基本肥力状况和重金属污染状况。【方法】在调查取样的基础上,进行了土壤理化性状与重金属含量分析,并计算单项污染指数及综合污染指数。【结果】个旧锡矿尾矿库土壤有机质缺乏,土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量甚缺乏,土壤速效磷含量丰富,土壤阳离子交换量水平中等;土壤重金属铅全量为557.14~5 479.58 mg/kg,镉全量为15.84~17.77 mg/kg,铬全量为20.91~65.72 mg/kg,铜全量为1 536.48~2 561.18mg/kg,锌全量为2 359.18~10 163.39 mg/kg;依据国家环境质量二级标准,单项污染指数表明,各尾矿库土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn污染严重(Cr除外),污染程度排序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb。综合污染指数表明,尾矿库土壤重金属污染均为重度污染(大屯选厂>老厂>黄茅山)。【结论】该研究结果可以为锡矿尾矿库植被恢复与生态重建提供依据。[ Objective] The basic soil fertility and heavy metal pollution were analyzed in tailings pond of three tin ore （ Datuu, Laochang, Huanmao Mountain） in Yunnan province, Gejiu city. [ Method ] Based on mixed soil sampling method, the soil physical and chemical prop- erties and heavy metal content were determined, and the single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index of soil were also calculat- ed. [ Result ] The soil of tailings pond had lacking organic matter, very scarce hydrolysable N and available K, abundant available P, medium level of the soil cation exchange capacity. And lead total content was 557.14 -5479.58 mg/kg, cadmium total content was 15.84 - 17.77 mg/kg, the full amount of chromium was from 20.91 to 65.72 mg/kg, copper total content was 1536.48 - 2561.18 mg/kg, and zinc total content was 2359.18 - 10 163.39 mg/kg. According to the national environmental quality secondary standards for pollution assessment, the single factor pollution index showed that the soil in tailings pond were seriously polluted by four kinds of heavy metals which pollution degree of sorting for Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Pb. The integrated pollution index showed that all three tailings ponds had high level of soil heavy metal pol- lution. For the pollution level of each tailings pond, DaTnn was the worst, and followed by LaoChang, and Huanmao Mountain in turn. [ Conclusion] This research could provide a scientific basis for tin tailings vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction.

关 键 词：锡矿 尾矿库 土壤肥力 土壤重金属污染 单项污染指数 综合污染指数 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]