南海湖水质特征及沉积物重金属季节性分布特征研究  

Distribution of Water Quality and Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediment of Nanhai Lake during Seasons

作　　者：张晔[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古化工职业学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第5期1205-1213,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39860062);内蒙古科技厅项目(NE-2015174)

摘　　要：【目的】为了研究南海湖水质特征及沉积物中重金属季节性分布特征。【方法】以南海湖为例,在野外调查和室内分析的基础上,连续3年研究了不同季节南海湖水质状态(TN、TP、BOD5和CODcr和高锰酸钾指数)沉积物中重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni和Pb)分布特征及其影响因子,并运用冗余分析(RDA)的方法研究了南海湖浮游植物多样性与环境因子(沉积物养分、重金属含量和水质)之间的关系。【结果】(1)南海湖浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Pielou均匀度指数(JP)和Margalef种类丰富度指数(S)随季节呈"V"字型变化规律,基本表现为:冬季和春季高于秋季和夏季,而Simpson优势度指数(D),随季节呈倒"V"字型变化规律,基本表现为:冬季和春季高于秋季和夏季,综合反映了夏季南海湖水质状况较差,冬季水质状况较好。(2)南海湖水温、TP浓度、TN浓度、NH+4-N浓度、BOD5、CODcr浓度和高锰酸钾指数随季节呈倒"V"字型变化规律,基本表现为:夏季和秋季高于春季和冬季;透明度和p H值随季节呈"V"字型变化规律,基本表现为:夏季和秋季低于春季和冬季。(3)南海湖沉积物As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni和Pb含量随季节呈倒"V"字型变化规律,基本表现为:夏季和秋季高于春季和冬季;其中Pb和Cd以水溶态形式存在,As和Zn则主要是以酸溶态和可还原态2种不稳定形态存在,表现很高的潜在的移动性和生物可利用性,Ni较均匀地分布于5种形态中。(4)南海湖沉积物全碳、全氮和全钾含量随季节呈逐渐增加趋势,而全磷含量随季节呈"N"字型变化规律。(5)冗余分析的结果显示,南海湖浮游植物多样性与沉积物养分、重金属含量及水质状况均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】夏季南海湖水质状况较差,冬季水质状况较好,南海湖浮游植物多样性与沉积物养分、重金属含量及水质状况均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。[ Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the distribution of water quality and heavy metals in bottom sediment of Nan- hai lake during seasons. [ Method]The survey of monitoring the distribution and influencing factors of heavy metals （ i. e. As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb）, water quality （TN, TP, BOD5 and CODcr） and phytoplankton diversity in average season （April）, flood season （August） and dry season （October） in bottom sediment of Nanhai lake by ICP-MS in 2013 -2015 were studied, and the relationship between phytoplank- ton diversity and environmental factors （ soil and water quality） with the method of redundancy analysis （RDA） were analyzed. [ Hesult] （i） There were great seasonal variations in Shannon-Wiener, Pielou and Margalef index indicating a ＇ V＇ trend with which winter and spring were higher than autumn and summer, while Simpson index had a opposite trend which showed a inverted ＇ V＇ trend, which comprehensive- ly reflected that the summer water quality was poorer, and the winter water quality was better. （ii） The water temperature, NH4＋ -N, TN, TP, BOD5 and CODcrhad the same change rules which showed that summer and autumn were higher than spring and winter, while transpar- ency and pH showed a ＇V＇ trend. （iii） The content of As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb showed a ＇V＇ trend, and the content of As and Zn existed in the form of acid soluble state with organic combination, Pb and Cd in water soluble form, Ni in evenly distributed in five kinds of forms. （iv） The content of total carbon, total nitrogen and total potassium increased with increasing seasons, and the content of total phosphorus showed a ＇ N＇ trend. （ v ） The result of redundancy analysis showed that lake phytoplankton diversity and sediment nutrients, heavy metal content and water quality condition were significantly positive correlation （ P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion ] Lake phytoplankton diversity and sediment nutrients, heavy metal content and water quality condi

关 键 词：南海湖 沉积物 重金属 水质 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]