状态词的语法类属——基于“定式”的解读  

A Syntactic Category of State Words:Based on Finiteness

作　　者：周石平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,100089 [2]陕西师范大学外国语学院,710062

出　　处：《双语教育研究》2017年第2期72-80,共9页Bilingual Education Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地"北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心"重大项目"基于文字学;语法学和语言学理论的新型初级汉外教学词典的研编"(15JJD740004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在所有实词词类中,唯独状态词必须带"的"才能做定语。对此,人们在语义、语用和语法层面上都进行过解释,但理由都不充分。文章提出,带"的"定语都可以认定为关系从句,状态词则是隐性的"定式谓词"(finite verb),状态词做定语必须带"的",是因为定式谓词不能充当黏合式定语,只能充当关系从句的谓语。与汉语不同,英语中的状态词属于形容词,没有定式与非定式之分,不需要一个类似于"的"的成分。这种词类系统的差异,归根结底,是由英汉语定式标记手段的不同造成的。Among all categories of notional words, state words are the only category that cannot function as attributives without de, for whichformer explanations from the aspects of semantics, pragmatics, or syntax are not convincing enough. This paper suggests that attributives with decan be regarded as relative clauses, and state words are hidden ＂finite verbs＂. The reason for frequent of a state word and de is that a finite verb can only serve as the predicateofa relative clause rather than an attributive. State words in Chinese are different from those in English in that the latter is in the category of adjectives and cannot be furtherclassified into finiteness and non-finiteness, i. e., in English there does not exist an element similar to de. Such a difference between Chinese and English word categories is in essence the result of different means of finiteness marking in Chinese and English.

关 键 词：状态词 带“的”定语 定式 定式谓词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]