排球运动员肩袖损伤后扣球发力顺序分析及受伤原因探讨  

Analysis of Muscle Mobilization Order of Smash After Rotator Cuff Injury in Volleyball Players and Causes of Injury

作　　者：宋琳[1] 于跃[1] 王瑶[1] 崔立刚[2] 廖丽萍[1] 李瑜[1] 王安利[1] SONG Lin YU Yue WANG Yao CUI Li-gang LIAO Li-ping LI Yu WANG An-li(Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]北京大学第三医院,北京100191

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第5期59-65,共7页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(编号:2015ZX022)

摘　　要：目的:分析肩袖损伤运动员扣球时肌肉发力顺序,探讨肩袖损伤的原因,为运动员纠正错误动作、提高技术水平、预防肩袖损伤提供参考依据。方法:利用MEGAWIN6000表面肌电测试仪对肩袖损伤和肩部无伤的排球运动员疲劳前后的扣球动作进行测试,比较发力顺序的异同,分析肩袖损伤对动作控制的影响。结果:1)2组扣球发力各肌肉发力时刻占总动作时间百分比组间比较,疲劳前无伤组斜方肌中束和前锯肌明显大于有伤组,且差异具有非常显著性;2)损伤组组内比较,疲劳前斜方肌下束明显大于疲劳后,且差异具有显著性;3)损伤组仅在疲劳后主动上回旋肩胛骨再引臂,且没有内收预拉长;4)无伤组疲劳前后均会主动上回旋肩胛骨再引臂,且引臂前会内收上臂预拉长肌肉。结论:1)肩袖损伤运动员斜方肌下束激活异常,肩胛骨不稳定且主动运动滞后,肩峰下空间减小,容易引起撞击导致肩袖损伤;2)无伤运动员斜方肌中束和前锯肌激活明显早、贡献大,肩胛骨稳定且主动运动积极,肩峰下空间相对增大,可有效避免撞击损伤,内收预拉长动作有效提高扣球效果;3)肩袖损伤运动员与无伤运动员扣球发力顺序有明显差异,肩袖损伤运动员动作环节过度减少,幅度缩小,影响扣球质量且容易造成损伤。This study aimed at analyzing the muscle mobilization order of smash after rotator cuff injury in volleyball players, exploring the causes of injury, providing references for correcting the wrong action, improving the skill level and preventing rotator cuff injury. Methods： Smash action was tested in volleyball players with or without rotator cuff injury before or after fatigue by MEGAWIN6000, the muscle mobihzation order of smash was analyzed to explore the effect of rotator cuff injury on motor control. Results ： 1 ） Comparing the percentage of muscle activate moment account for total action time of mobilization muscles of smash in two groups, and this study found that the percentage of beam of the trapezius muscle and anterior serratus muscle before injury in no-injury group is significantly greater than that in injury group. 2 ） In injury group, the percentage of the beam of the trapezius muscle before fatigue is greater than that after fatigue. 3） In injury group, players up convolute scapula and then lead arm without pre-stretching only after fatigue. 4） In no-injury group, players up convolute scapula and then lead arm with pre-stretching before and after fatigue. Conclusions： 1 ） Lower trapezius muscle of players with rotator cuff injury is abnormally active, their scapula is instable and active motion is lag, the space below the acromion is decreased that can easily lead to rotator cuff injury. 2） Beam of trapezius muscle and the former saw muscle from no-injury athlefes active earlier and have more confribution, the scapulais stable and has active movement, the space belon the acnomion is increaced that can easily avoid injury of impact, and pre-stretching of adduction effectively improves the smash effect. 3） There is no difference of muscle mobilization order of smash between players with or without rotator cuff injury ; the smash action link and movement range of players with rotator cuff injury is reduced, which influences the smash effect and easily cause damage.

关 键 词：排球 扣球 肩袖损伤 发力顺序 

分 类 号：G842[文化科学—体育训练]