基于微卫星标记的苹果绵蚜种群遗传结构动态  

The genetic structure dynamics of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) based on microsatellite markers

作　　者：杨明明[1] 谭秀梅[1] 魏成民 张永晓[1] 万方浩[1,2] 周洪旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2017年第2期122-128,180,共8页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371994);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1201200);国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)(2013CB127600);山东省“泰山学者”建设工程专项经费资助

摘　　要：【目的】苹果绵蚜是我国重要的入侵害虫,对苹果生产造成了严重危害。近年来,苹果绵蚜扩散面积增大,危害加重。了解苹果绵蚜入侵过程中的分子生态变化,可为该虫的综合防控提供依据。【方法】利用微卫星标记技术,选择6个微卫星位点对山东省6个地区(烟台、威海、青岛、潍坊、聊城、泰安)2012—2015年苹果绵蚜种群遗传结构变化规律进行分析。【结果】2012—2015年,山东省6个地区的苹果绵蚜遗传多样性随时间推移逐渐降低。其中,2012年的遗传多样性极显著高于2013—2015年;2013—2015年之间虽然差异不显著,但随时间推移,等位基因观测值(Na)和期望杂合度(He)等遗传多样性指数有逐渐降低的趋势。通过无限等位基因模型、双相突变模型和逐步突变模型分析发现,6个地区的苹果绵蚜均经历了瓶颈效应,是遗传多样性降低的主要原因。对6个微卫星位点分析发现,Erio20、Erio75和Erio78扩增到的苹果绵蚜等位基因数量以及这3个位点的多样性指数随时间推移逐渐降低。【结论】Erio20、Erio75和Erio78是引起苹果绵蚜遗传多样性降低的主要多态位点。苹果绵蚜可能进化出了"超级克隆"基因型,因此,其可在我国适应不同生态环境并增大扩散范围。[Aim] Eriosoma lanigerum, an important quarantine pest in the world, could cause serious harm to the apple tree. In recent years, E. lanigerum spread far in China and caused serious damage. Studying the molecular ecological changes during its invasion can provide basis for comprehensive control.[Method] We made six microsatellite markers to explore the genetic diversity dynamics of E. lanigerum from six areas （Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao, Weifang, Liaocheng, Taian） in Shandong Province from 2012 to 2015.[Result] The genetic diversity of E. lanigerum gradually reduced over time in all six areas. The genetic diversity in 2012 was significantly higher than in later years, and no significant differences were found from 2013 to 2015. Genetic diversity expressed as the value of gene alleles observed （Na） and expected heterozygosity （He） had a tendency to gradually reduce over time. E. lanigerum in all six areas went through the bottleneck effect, detected by analysis of IAM （infinite allele model）, TPM （two-phased model of mutation） and SMM （stepwise mutation model）, which mainly caused reduction of genetic diversity. The number of alleles and the genetic diversity index in microsatellite loci Erio20, Erio75 and Erio78 decreased over time.[Conclusion] The locus of Erio20, Erio75 and Erio78 are the main loci to cause the decrease of genetic diversity of E. lanigerum. E. lanigerum may have evolved a ＂super clone＂ genotype to adapt to different environments in China and increase the diffusion range.

关 键 词：苹果绵蚜 入侵害虫 微卫星 遗传多样性 动态 

分 类 号：S436.611.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]