中国商人制度与民事主体立法——写在《民法总则》创立时的思考  

On Business people's Legislation and Civil Subjects' Legislation in China:Written before the Adoption of The General Rules of Civil Law

作　　者：范健[1] 丁凤玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2017年第3期39-45,共7页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：商人是特殊民事主体,其主体地位的取得与丧失、人格差异、义务承担、法律价值目标等方面,都有别于其他民事主体。《民法总则》作为民事主体的基本法,立法时应充分注意商人主体的特殊性并在规则设置上予以特殊安排,遗憾的是现行立法远远不足。鉴于商人制度在伦理观念、法律人格、责任能力、组织形式等方面都有根本区别于民事主体的创新性,《民法总则》对商人的安排只能限于规定商人的法律地位,具体的商人规则应留予商法自行设计。商人的创新性既是商法生命力的源泉,也是社会经济发展的保证。现阶段我国要改变不健康的经济生态,就必须创建商人制度,通过《商法通则》的制定使商人体系制度化,以消除商人存在方式上的积弊,以弥补《民法总则》立法的缺憾。As a special legal entity,business people are just distinguished from other civil subjects in such as the acquisition and loss of legal status,personality,obligations and legal values.Therefore,as a basic law for civil subjects,The General Rules of Civil Law should make specific provisions for business people,a group with distinguished characteristics.Unfortunately,the current legislation is far from enough.Since business people are systematically different from civil subjects in ethics,juridical personality,legal responsibility and organization forms,it is good for The General Rules of Civil Law to define business people's legal status,leaving specific rules to be formulated by the commercial law.To improve the economic environment,it is high time that China brought into being The General Rules of Civil Law.

关 键 词：商人制度 《民法总则》 《商法通则》 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]