“河出昆仑”:三千年的观念误读  

“The Yellow River Originating from Kunlun Mountains”:A Conception Misread for Three Thousand Years

作　　者：王洪军[1] WANG Hong-jun(Liberal Arts College, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学文学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第3期46-58,共13页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2011年度国家社科基金一般项目"谶纬与汉代诗学研究"(11BZW032)

摘　　要："河出昆仑"是我国古代先民认知自然所形成的理念,沉淀并凝聚着巫觋传说、天地神话等古老的文化基因,其后杂糅象数易学及卦气理论,尤其受到阴阳五行学说的影响,最终成为多种思想与观念的集合体。研究者如果不进行整体观照,仅就其中任何一种观念或理论溯源并推求其理,方向与结论都将是错误的。先民认为,昆仑是天地中柱,"河水出焉",于是寻找"昆仑"的活动持续了两千多年,也争论了两千多年,却没有得到任何有说服力的答案。实际上,问题的本原就是错误的。如果说"河出昆仑"是一种认知,莫若说是一种理念。"昆仑"是传说的、神话的、观念的,所以显得神秘和缥缈;"河出昆仑"是"山水同原"理论观念的分化,是古代神话传说历史化的产物,现实生活中根本不存在。在检讨先秦"河出昆仑"文献生成的过程中,可以得出这样的结论:"昆仑"承载了多种观念以及思想,既是巫觋通天祭坛的演化,又是天地开辟混元之气的象征,还掺杂着阴阳五行学说影响的天文星占理论,同时残留了"太一生水"的理论痕迹。＂The Yellow River originating from Kunlun Mountains＂ is an idea concluded by our ancient ancestors in their process of learning about the world. It was born with some ancient cultural genes such as the wizard legend, the myth of heaven and earth etc., coupled with the Image-Numerology and the Hexagrams Theory of Gas, and especially affected by the Yin-Yang and the Five Elements Theory.Therefore, it finally be- came a combination of various ideas and concepts. It will not be appropriate for researchers to trace and deduce the reason, the orientation and the conclusion in terms of only one concept or theory rather than observe it in an overall round. The ancient Chinese believed that Kunlun was not only the pillar between the sky and the earth, but also ＂the cradle of the Yellow River＂. Therefore, the trace of ＂Kunlun＂ lasted for over two thou- sand years accompanied by argumentations. However, no convincible agreement has been reached. In fact, the essence of the issue is not right. The writer would rather believe that ＂the Yellow River originating from Kun- lun Mountains＂ is a kind of notion instead of cognition. ＂Kunlun＂ is a legend, myth or notion, so it sounds mysterious and elusive. ＂The Yellow River originating from Kunlun Mountains＂ is not only a diversification of the notion that ＂the Yellow River and Kunlun Mountains share the same origin＂, but also a product of the his- toricization of ancient myths and legends. Nevertheless, it can＇ t be found in the real world. Through reviewing the pre-Qin literature of ＂the Yellow River originating from Kunlun Mountains＂, the following conclusions can be drawn ： ＂Kunlun＂ represents numerous ideas and concepts, which is the evolution of the Heaven Worship- ping Ceremony by the witches and wizards and the symbol of the hewing out of the mixed gas by heaven. It is mixed with the astrology theories influenced by Yin-Yang and the Five Elements Theory. At the same time, there lefts a theoretical trace of ＂Tai Yi Produces Water＂.

关 键 词：黄河 昆仑 神话 巫觋 阴阳五行 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]