北京大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为的变化特点及影响因素  

Changes of acquired immune deficiency syndrome related knowledge,attitudes,behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in Beijing

作　　者：张欣[1] 娜荷芽[1] 叶墨 王梦楠[1] 魏少明[1] 孙亚慧[2] 张复兵[3] 孙昕霙[1] 常春[1] 史宇晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京100191 [2]北京交通大学社区卫生服务中心,北京100044 [3]北京建筑大学卫生所,北京100044

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2017年第3期462-468,共7页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

摘　　要：目的:探究不同年份大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为及其影响因素的变化情况,为今后开展针对性健康教育提供参考。方法:分别于2006年和2016年在北京市采用分层整群抽样方法选取大学生进行问卷调查,调查人数分别为1 800人和3 001人。调查问卷内容包括人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、艾滋病相关态度、性行为及相关高危行为情况、安全套使用意向、艾滋病健康教育情况。结果:与2006年相比较,2016年大学生艾滋病知识平均分有所下降[(12.78±1.95)vs.(11.90±2.56),t=12.91,P<0.05],各题知晓率均有所下降。除安全套使用信念外,2016年大学生艾滋病相关态度和自我效能得分均低于2006年。与2006年相比,2016年有过性行为的大学生中,金钱(物品)交易性行为的发生率有所上升[6.53%(16/245)vs.17.65%(33/187),χ~2=13.003,P<0.001],同性性行为的发生率有所上升[4.13%(10/242)vs.15.43%(29/188),χ~2=16.356,P<0.001]。与2006年相比,2016年接触色情信息的主要途径由书籍变为网络(41.15%)。2016年大学生安全套使用意向的影响因素为男性(OR=0.713)、安全套购买自我效能(OR=0.876)、大学前未接受过性教育(OR=0.752)、安全套使用自我效能(OR=1.135)、安全套使用信念(OR=1.775)以及对艾滋病患者的态度(OR=1.136)。结论:大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为已发生改变,艾滋病健康教育应在当前大学生特点上深入开展,注重培养大学生正确的性观念和性责任,加强大学生自我保护意识。Objective: To compare acquired immune deficiency syndrome( AIDS) related knowledge,attitudes,behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in different years in Beijing,and to provide evidence for targeted health education among college students in future. Methods: College students were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method,and a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in year 2006 and 2016 in Beijing. The sample sizes were 1 800 and 3 001 college students,respectively. The contents of the questionnaire included: socio-demographic characteristics,AIDS related knowledge,AIDS related attitude,sex intercourse and its related risk behaviors,condom use intension,and AIDS related health education. Results: Compared with the year 2006,the average AIDS knowledge scores of college students in year 2016 dropped from 12. 78 ± 1. 95 to 11. 90 ± 2. 56( t = 12. 91,P < 0. 05),and the correct answer rates of questions in the knowledge part were decreased,too. Except for belief on condom use,the college students were more negative on AIDS related attitude and self-efficacy in year 2016 than in year 2006. Among the students who had sex experience,the rates of commercial sex [17. 65%( 33/187) vs. 6. 53%( 16/245),χ~2= 13. 003,P < 0. 001] and the rates of homo-sexual intercourse [15. 43%( 29/188) vs. 4. 13%( 10/242),χ~2= 16. 356,P < 0. 001]were higher in year 2016 than in year 2006. The main way for the students seeking pornographic information was changed from books to internet( 41. 15%) in 2016 compared with the year 2016. In 2016,the influencing factors of intention on condom use were male( OR = 0. 713),self-efficacy of condom purchase( OR = 0. 876),never received sex education before college( OR = 0. 752),self-efficacy of condom use( OR = 1. 135),belief of condom use( OR = 1. 775),and attitude towards AIDS patients( OR =1. 136). Conclusion: AIDS related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among college students have been changed,AIDS related health education should be designed and

关 键 词：大学生 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 性行为 安全套 差异 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]