固液饲料饲喂水平对犊牛生长及胃肠道发育影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on Feeding Patterns of Different Solid and Liquid Feed Level on Growth and Gastrointestinal Tract Development in Holstein Calves

作　　者：马俊南 屠焰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室,奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2017年第5期7-12,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队;国家科技支撑计划课题“华北农区及北方大城市奶牛健康养殖生产技术集成及产业化示范”(2012BAD12B06)

摘　　要：近年来,奶牛养殖业迅猛发展,而犊牛培育是其健康稳定发展的关键因素之一。寻求最佳的饲料饲喂水平促进犊牛健康快速的生长是极为重要的。犊牛饲料包括固体饲料和液体饲料,是犊牛饲喂的根本,其中液体饲料包括初乳、牛奶、代乳粉等;固体饲料则包括开食料和不同饲草等。固液饲料平稳过渡是犊牛饲喂成功的关键,也是多年来专家学者研究的重点。另外,断奶日龄与固液饲料饲喂水平紧密相关,也是犊牛饲喂模式中的重要指标。本文阐述了犊牛固液饲料饲喂水平与其采食量间的相互关系,总结了固液饲料饲喂水平及断奶日龄对犊牛瘤胃发育、生长性能的影响,提出了在犊牛饲喂模式中仍然需要探索的问题。希望能够找到犊牛饲喂领域所急需的固液饲料饲喂水平与断奶日龄相结合的最适宜的饲喂模式,促进犊牛生长发育,为后期充分发挥生产性能打下良好的基础,进而提高养牛行业的经济效益。In recent years,dairy farming is developing rapidly,and calf cultivation is one of the key factors of the dairy farming.It is extremely important to search the best feeding level for the healthy growth of the calf.The feed includes solid feed and liquid feed,which is the foundation of the dairy farming.Liquid feed include colostrum,milk,milk replacer and so on,solid feed include starter and different kinds of forage.Smooth transition from liquid feed to solid feed is the key to success of the calves＇ growth,and it is also the focus of experts and scholars for many years.In addition,the weaning day is also closely related to feeding level and is the important indicator of calves feed.Therefore,in this review,we first describe the interaction between the calf feeding level and intake,summarize the effect of liquid and solid feed level and weaning day on growth and rumen development.At the end,some problems which still need exploring in feeding calves are put forward,hoping to find out the optimum way which combines the liquid and solid feed level with the weaning day to fulfill the urgent need of the dairy farming,and it also can promote the growth and development of calves,lay the foundation for the growth progress in the later time,and then improve economic efficiency of the dairy farming.

关 键 词：犊牛 固液饲料 早期断奶 饲喂水平 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]