叶面铁肥对浙江海涂地缺铁‘瓯柑’叶片及果实的影响  

Effects of foliar iron fertilizers on iron-deficient leaves and fruit of ‘Ougan' (Citrus reticulata) planted in the tideland in Zhejiang

作　　者：郭秀珠[1] 刘冬峰[1] 陈巍[1,2] 黄品湖[1] 徐文荣[1] 林绍生[1] GUO Xiuzhu LIU Dongfeng CHEN Wei HUANG Pinhu XU Wenrong LIN Shaosheng(IZhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, Chin Jiangsu Polytechnic College Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, Jiangsu, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省亚热带作物研究所,浙江温州325005 [2]江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第6期692-697,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2012C12904-1);温州市科技局项目(N20080019;N20140035;X20150015)

摘　　要：【目的】针对浙江海涂地种植柑橘易出现缺铁的症状,筛选出适合海涂地条件下矫正‘瓯柑’缺铁失绿症的铁肥。【方法】采用叶面喷施法,对8 a(年)生‘瓯柑’树分别施用相同浓度的Fe SO4和3种自配铁肥EDTA-Fe、Vc-Fe、有机液-Fe,研究不同叶面铁肥对‘瓯柑’叶片和果实铁含量、叶片叶绿素含量及果实品质的影响。【结果】浙江海涂地种植条件下,叶面喷施铁肥可显著增加‘瓯柑’叶片和果实中有效铁含量,提高幅度分别为53.9%~91.6%和28.7%~83.2%,其中以Vc-Fe肥效果最明显,叶片和果实分别比对照提高91.6%和83.2%,达到113.91 mg·kg^(-1)和11.38 mg·kg^(-1),叶片含量位列柑橘叶片诊断标准的适量水平。喷施铁肥可增加‘瓯柑’叶片叶绿素含量,叶绿素a、b及总量增加幅度分别为4.1%~24.7%、6.8%~32.2%、4.7%~26.5%,其中Vc-Fe肥处理分别比对照提高24.7%、32.2%、26.5%。叶面喷施铁肥还可提高‘瓯柑’果实品质,果实可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量比对照分别增加4.6%~11.6%和6.2%~13.4%,其中以有机液-Fe肥处理效果最佳,可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量分别比对照提高1.10和0.93个百分点。【结论】本研究中Vc-Fe肥提高‘瓯柑’叶片和果实铁含量幅度最大,这与维生素C抑制铁离子氧化、延长二价铁的有效时间有关,有机液-Fe肥处理对于提高‘瓯柑’果实可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量及叶片复绿具有明显作用,其原因除了有机液-Fe肥中的铁元素外,还可能与含有大量的有机质可促进叶片生长和吸收有关。此研究结果可为研发适合浙江海涂地条件的柑橘专用铁肥提供参考。[Objective ] Iron is one of the essential microelements for plant growth and development. As a main component of electron carriers or catalysts, it plays an important role in many physiological processes. However, iron deficiency is a common problem in most areas of China. Leaf chlorosis is the main symptom of iron deficiency because iron is an essential element for chlorophyll biosynthesis. Young leaves usually show chlorosis first since iron is immobile. However, when iron deficiency continues, the entire leaves turn yellow, develop necrotic spots and gradually die. Leaf chlorosis in fruit trees causes slow growth, yield reduction and quality decline. However, plants have developed a complicated mechanism of iron-deficiency tolerance during long-term evolution. Morphologically, roots become shorter with increased apical diameter and root hairs and formation of transfer cells in root epidermis and cortex under iron deficien- cy stress. Physiologically, rhizosphere acidification, synthesis of organic acids and phytosiderophore are enhanced. These changes contribute to iron absorption under iron deficiency condition. Malus xiaofinensis is resistant to chlorosis associated with iron deficiency, and its special root structures decrease the pH of the rhizosphere, which increases the affinity to and thus the absorption of iron. In orange, a large of number lateral roots are formed to increase the absorption area under iron deficiency stress. ＇ Ougan＇ is a major citrus cultivar in Wenzhou, where there is a tendency of developing the crop in tidelands. However, the high soil pH resuhs in leaf chlorosis and impacts growth and development and fruit quality of ＇Ougan＇, because the ferric ion in the soil is less available for the plant. In this study, foliar-spraying of iron fertilizers was conducted to choose an appropriated iron fertilizer to solve the problem of iron deficiency, which is an urgent research task. [Methods]Foliar-sprays of the same concentration of iron fertilizers including FeSO4, self-prepared ED

关 键 词：'瓯柑’ 浙江海涂地 缺铁 叶面铁肥 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]