河南省地形、土壤和地表水体多样性格局特征  

Characteristics of the Diversity of Terrain,Soil and Surface Water Body of Henan Province in Pattern

作　　者：任圆圆[1] 张学雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与环境学院自然资源与生态环境研究所,郑州450001

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第3期590-600,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571208)资助~~

摘　　要：在水土资源多样性的研究中,地形要素对其空间分布形式和内在联系有重要影响。选取河南省作为研究区,在1 km×1 km网格尺度下以变形仙农熵公式计算河南省的地形空间分布多样性和土壤空间分布多样性(土类级别)及关联性,并将河南省划分为6个面积相近的次级区域,用空间分布面积指数(Y_h)计算地形、土壤的构成组分多样性,用空间分布长度指数(MSHDLI)计算地表水体多样性,对以上特征及关联性进行研究。结果表明:平原和潮土是河南省面积最大且空间分布离散性最高的地形类型和土类。地形与土壤之间关系密切,有76%以上的相关系数r值大于0.50,相关性高;6个分区中,东部分区为单一的平原地形但MSHDLI值次高,平原地形水系发育好,西部分区地形复杂且以山地为主但地表水体多样性指数MSHDLI值最小,山地条件下水系发育较简单;研究区面积相近的情况下,土类构成组分多样性值主要取决于土类间面积大小的均衡程度,与土类面积比例平均变化量之间呈负相关,R^2值为0.94;面状的地形和土壤构成组分多样性指数与线状的地表水体多样性指数间无明显相关性。综上所述,地形、土壤和地表水体三要素间关系密切,共同影响地多样性的空间格局。【Objective】In studies on diversity of soil-water resources , terrain factors have great influences on their spatial distribution and internal relationships. Henan Province is selected as a case for study. Through processing the DEM data of the region, a terrain classification map and a surface water distribution map of the province were acquired. First of all, the modified Shannon entropy formula on a 1 km×1 km grid scale was used to work out terrain spatial distribution diversity and soil spatial distribution diversity （soil group level） and correlation analysis of the two was performed. Then Henan Province was divided into six regions similar in area by ecological environment, social development and land use, and terrain constituent diversity and soil constituent diversity of the regions were worked out with the spatial distribution area index （Yh）, while surface water body diversity was with the spatial distribution length index （MSHDLI）. In the end characteristics of and correlations between terrain composition, soil composition and surface water body diversity were analyzed.【Method】First, the 3D spatial analysis, raster surface analysis and contour analysis tools of ArcGIS were used to process the DEM data of Henan Province were processed to extract terrain classification maps by referring to the five basic terrain sorting standard, and the hydrological analysis module was used to plot a river network map or a surface water body distribution map of the province with threshold vactor being 50000.Then soil constituent diversity, terrain constituent diversity, and soil and terrain spatial distribution discreteness were analyzed with the modified Shannon diversity area index （MSHDAI） method, and surface water body diversity was with the modified Shannon diversity length index （MSHDLI） method. In the end, to determine correlation between terrain diversity and pedodiversity （soil group level）, correlation coefficient between the two was worked out by calculating spatial distributio

关 键 词：河南省 地形 土壤多样性 地表水体 特征 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学] K928.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]