种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳氮的影响  

Effects of Planting and Incorporation of Chinese Milk Vetch Coupled with Application of Chemical Fertilizer on Active Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Paddy Soil

作　　者：刘春增[1] 常单娜 李本银[1] 曹卫东[3] 吕玉虎 潘兹亮 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430072 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]信阳市农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第3期657-669,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省省院科技合作项目(132106000052);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005)共同资助~~

摘　　要：依托长期种植紫云英定位试验,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究化肥(100%F)、紫云英配施100%、80%、60%和40%化肥(G+100%F、G+80%F、G+60%F、G+40%F)以及紫云英(G)对土壤活性有机碳氮、水稻产量、氮肥利用率及其他土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与对照不施肥相比,单施化肥对土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的影响很小,土壤水溶性有机氮(WSON)和微生物生物量碳氮(SMBC、SMBN)含量分别增加了20.61%、10.49%和2.20%;单施紫云英处理土壤WSOC、WSON、SMBC和SMBN含量分别增加了25.52%、36.30%、19.16%和10.37%;紫云英配施化肥增加了土壤WSOC、WSON、SMBC和SMBN的含量,增幅分别为12.99%~22.80%、26.66%~56.61%、19.01%~29.56%和16.08%~32.90%。施肥提高了土壤活性有机碳氮占土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)的比例,紫云英配施化肥和单施紫云英效果优于单施化肥。土壤活性有机碳氮与水稻产量、SOC、TN和铵态氮(NH_4^+-N)呈显著或极显著正相关。施肥增加水稻产量,G+80%F最高(10026kg hm^(-2))。与100%F相比,化肥减施20%~40%水稻不减产,同时氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力提高,增幅分别为11.64%~149.65%和2.66%~149.92%,土壤SOC、TN和NH_4^+-N含量增加,土壤有效磷和速效钾降低。综合考虑水稻产量、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力,紫云英翻压22500 kg hm^(-2)、磷钾肥常规用量、氮肥减施20%时最优。【Objective】 Being the most active part of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, soil active organic carbon and nitrogen play important roles in soil carbon and nitrogen cycles and are very sensitive to fertilization. The practice of planting and incorporating Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer has been proved to be an effective way to improve rice yield and soil fertility. Here in this paper, effects of this practice on soil active carbon and nitrogen, rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility, as well as relationships of soil active carbon and nitrogen with rice yield and soil nutrients were studied, to explore significance of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen to soil fertility and productivity and provide a scientific basis for using this practice to increase crop yield and soil fertility.【Method】Based on an 8-year field experiment on planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer in Xin Yang, Henan province, topsoil samples （0~20 cm） were collected after rice was harvested for analysis of variation of soil active carbon and nitrogen, and soil nutrients and further of their relationships with rice yield and soil nutrients. The experiment was designed to have seven treatments, i.e. CK （no fertilizer）, Treatment G （planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch）, Treatment 100% F （conventional chemical fertilizer N, P, K at 225 kg hm^-2, 135 kg hm^-2 and 135 kg hm^-2, respectively）, Treatment G 100% F （Chinese milk vetch combined with 100% conventional chemical fertilizer）, Treatment G 80% F, Treatment G 60% F and Treatment G 40% F. 【Result】The results showed that compared with CK, Treatment 100% F had little effect on soil water soluble organic carbon （WSOC）, but it increased soil water soluble organic nitrogen （WSON）, soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and soil microbial biomass nitrogen （SMBN） by 20.61%, 10.49% and 2.70%, respectively. Treatment G increased WSOC,

关 键 词：紫云英 土壤活性有机碳氮 水稻产量 氮肥利用率 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S142.1[农业科学—肥料学]