林下药材植物淋出物对太白杨枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Leachates from Understory Medicinal Plants on Decomposition of Populus Purdomii Litters and Soil Enzyme Activity

作　　者：卢玉鹏 许纪元 张晓曦[2] 王博雅[3] 谢博[3] 石飞[3] 刘增文[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第3期749-758,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471376);西北农林科技大学大学生创新实验计划项目(2015年)资助~~

摘　　要：林下种植药材植物是提高林地经济收入的有效途径,然而药材植物淋出物是否会对林木枯落物分解和土壤产生化感影响是必须考虑的重要问题,也是构建科学合理的林药复合模式的关键。以秦岭山区典型太白杨(Populus purdomii)林以及9种常见林下药材植物为对象,通过以药材植物茎叶淋出物(水浸提法)喷浇林木枯落物的分解模拟试验,研究了药材植物淋出物对太白杨枯落物分解、养分释放及土壤酶活性的潜在化感影响。结果表明:蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)浸提液处理后太白杨枯落物分解周转期和半衰期分别延长了230%和29%,薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)处理后分解周转期和半衰期分别延长了67%和23%,鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)处理后分解周转期和半衰期分别延长了120%和34%;且这3种药材植物对太白杨枯落物分解过程中养分(C、N、P、K、Cu、Zn和Mn)释放和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡糖苷酶、脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶)活性均有显著抑制作用。因此,建议在太白杨林下应该尽量避免种植蒲公英、薄荷和鱼腥草,或者通过降低套种密度来减少药材植物的化感影响。【Objective】Planting medicinal plants is an effective way to improve economic benefit of forest lands. However, it is important to take into account whether leachates from medicinal plants would have allelopathic effects on decomposition of forests litter and soil, and it is also the key to selection of medicinal plant species to build a scientific and reasonable compound system of forest-medicinal plants.【Method】In this paper, a Populuspurdomii forest typical of the Qinling Mountains and nine species of medicinal plants （ Taraxacummongolicum, Corydalis bungeana, Menthahaplocalyx, Houttuyniacordata, Asarumsieboldii, Lonicera japonica, Nepetacataria, Gynostemmapentaphyllum and Prunella vulgaris ） common in the area were cited as objects in the study, a simulation experiment was carried out on litter decomposition by spraying leachate in water-extraction solution from stems and leaves of the medicinal plants, to study effects of the leachates on litter decomposition, nutrient release and soil enzyme activity. The sampling area in this experiment is the Houzhenzi Forest Farm of Zhouzhi County in the QinlingMountains of Shaanxi. The decomposing bag method was used in the indoors litter decomposition experiment with constant temperature and humidity and the experiment lasted for six months. During the experiment, leachate from the litter of medicinal plants was sprayed once every two weeks, and the decomposing bags were retrieved five times （in the first, second, third, fifth and sixth month after the start of the decomposition experiment）, soil samples collected three times （in the first, third and sixth month after the start of the decomposition experiment）, to determine decomposition rate, nutrient release and soil enzyme activity. At the same time, GC-MS was used to analyze chemical substances in the medicinal plants leachate.【Result】Turnover period and half-life of the decomposition of P. purdomii litter was extended by 230% and 29%, respectively, in the treatment using T. mongolicum leacha

关 键 词：林药复合 枯落物分解 养分释放 土壤酶活性 化感 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]