源自陇东—关中的中国最早人居理论——对基于逻辑学和人类学相关研究的考察  

The Earliest Science of Human Settlements in China Originating in the Loess Plateau Stretching from Eastern Gansu Province to Central Shaanxi Province——An Inspection of Related Research Based on Logic and Anthropology

作　　者：胡义成[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省社会科学院,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2017年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学课题(11YJAZH035)

摘　　要：在《诗经》《尚书》等可信度很高的中国传统经典文献中,已经有了关于周人"相土"的记载,这是中国最早的人居理论。作为中国最早的古典人居科学及其理论形态,"相土"术最早起源于周人。最早起源地点是今甘肃陇东和陕西关中西部的黄土高原,"相土"术至迟诞生在周祖公刘(商高宗武丁)之前,距今至少已有3000多年。通过经典文献的相互佐证,可以看出,"相土"术最早起源于周时期的陇东—关中地区。"相土"术对地貌、临水、朝向均有着明确的要求。中外学者通过大量理论和实地考证,在一定程度上也证明了其理论的一定合理性和起源于陇东—关中地区的可靠性。从学科性质上看,"相土"模式有其局限性,但也包含着中国传统的古典景观学、古典建筑学、古典生态学以及古典地理学等合理因素,作为产生于中国本土的人居学理论,不能简单地用西方学科理论对其进行评说。In many highly credible Chinese cla ss ic s such as the Book of Songs （诗经）an d the Book of Documents （尚书 ）,there are some records concerning people in the Zhou Dynasty pract icing geomantic omen,which can be called the earliest Chinese ekistics, namely, science of human settlements. The theory of geomantic omen is be-lieved to have come into being in the loess plateau area stretching from eastern Ganzu Province to central Shaanzi Province at lease 3 ,000 years from now. The theory of geomantic omen takes into consideration multiple dimensions such as topographic features, water resource availability, building orientations, et cetera. Through a plethora of theoretical exploration and field research, a general consensus has been reached among Chinese and foreign scholars that the theory of geomantic omen, which can find its root in the loess plateau area stretching from eastern Ganzu Province to central Shaanzi Province, to a certain extent proves a theory of reliability and rationality. From a scien-tific point of view, the theory of geomantic omen is not without its limitations. However, it also embodies reasonable ingredients as derived from traditional Chinese theories of classical landscaping, classical architecture, classical e-cology and classical geography. Examining the earliest science of human settlements in China, one should refrain from commenting or passing judgment on it simply from Western academic perspectives.

关 键 词：陇东—关中 中国 最早人居理论 相土 

分 类 号：B992.4[哲学宗教—宗教学] K892.25[历史地理—民俗学]