钻头类型对反扭矩和工具面控制异常影响研究  

Effect of Bit Type on Reactive Torque and Consequent Tool-face-control Anomalies

作　　者：许利辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化集团国际石油工程有限公司

出　　处：《石油机械》2017年第6期22-29,共8页China Petroleum Machinery

摘　　要：应用弯外壳钻井液马达进行滑动钻进过程中,在给定钻压下,钻头的攻击性越强,产生的扭矩越大,导向越困难。鉴于此,试验研究了工具面失稳和钻头设计及各种工具面扰动之间的关系,研究内容包括摩阻和质量不平衡影响分析、典型试验案例分析以及快速扭矩异常(FTAs)分析。研究结果表明:扭矩发生时的频率接近于或小于钻柱的基本自然扭转频率时,最有利于重新调整工具面;当钻柱中存在较多的应变能,或扭矩变化足够引起钻柱扭转1圈或多圈时,可能发生快速扭矩异常,从而导致工具面失稳,甚至在以恒定钻进参数钻井时也是如此;与PDC钻头相比,Hybrid和牙轮钻头引起快速扭矩异常的可能性较小;使用更大尺寸的钻柱,有利于提高钻柱的扭转刚度,减少钻柱扭转圈数,从而降低快速扭矩异常发生的可能性,实现更好的工具面控制。研究内容对于推动我国定向钻井技术的发展具有一定的参考作用。In sliding drilling with bend house mud motor, given the same WOB, the reactive torque is greater and the directional drilling is more difficult H the drill bit is more aggressive. In view ol th is , the relationship be-tween tool lace instability and bit design and various tool lace disturbances has been studied. The research situation have been introduced, including friction and mass imbalance effects analysis, typical test case analysis and last torque anomaly （FTAs） analysis. The results showed that, when the frequency of torque is close to or less than the basic natural torsional frequency of the drill string, the situation is most preferable for reorienting the tool lace. A FTAs may occur when there is more strain energy in the drill string, or if the torque change is sufficient to cause the drill string to twist one or more turns, thus resulting in a tool face failure, even under drilling at constant drilling parameters. Compared with the PDC bit,the Hybrid bit/roller cone bit has smaller possibility to cause last torque a-nomalies. Larger size drill string is preferable lor improving the drill string torsional stiffness and reducing the num-ber of drill string torsion, so as to reduce the possibility of FTAs, achieving better tool face control. The study could provide references to promote the development of directional drilling technology in China.

关 键 词：滑动钻进 钻头类型 工具面失稳 试验研究 FTAs 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]