材料早期损伤的非线性超声诊断  

Material early damage diagnosis with nonlinear ultrasound

作　　者：门平[1,2] 董世运[1] 康学良[1,3] 国瑞[1,4] 闫世兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]装甲兵工程学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室 [2]中国人民解放军海军92601部队 [3]上海大学材料科学与工程学院 [4]东北大学材料科学与工程学院

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2017年第5期1101-1118,共18页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFB1100205);北京市科技专项(Z161100004916009);北京市科技计划(Z161100001516007)项目资助

摘　　要：对于材料微结构特征的检测,特别是材料早期损伤,非线性超声具有独特的优势。立足于非线性超声的发展历程,阐述了非线性超声的基本理论和数学模型,深入分析了非线性超声参量的影响因素,包括位错单极子模型、位错偶极子模型、析出物和微裂纹;阐述了非线性超声的实验方法,重点介绍了非线性超声纵波和表面波的检测方法;论述了非线性超声在闭合裂纹、疲劳及位错早期损伤、材料热老化、蠕变及材料辐射损伤等领域中的应用;最后总结了非线性超声检测技术在材料早期损伤应用中面临的机遇和挑战。Nonlinear ultrasonic methods have distinct advantage in material micro-structure features test, especially in material early damage test. Based on the development progress of nonlinear uhrasound, this paper describes the basic theories and mathematical models of nonlinear ultrasound, deeply analyzes the influence factors of nonlinear ultrasonic parameters, including dislocation monopole model, dislocation dipole model, precipitates and micro-cracks. This paper presents the details of available nonlinear ultrasonic measurement and analysis techniques, focusing on nonlinear ultrasonic longitudinal wave and Rayleigh wave methods. The main focus of this paper is a critical review of the literatures that utilize nonlinear ultrasound for nondestructive evaluation of closed crack, fatigue and early dislocation damage monitoring, thermal aging, creep damage and radiation damage in materials. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of the nonlinear ultrasonic testing technology in the application of material early damage diagnosis are outlined.

关 键 词：非线性超声评价 接触非线性 经典非线性 谐波 早期损伤 

分 类 号：TG115.28[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] TH878[金属学及工艺—金属学]