非编码RNA与代谢的研究进展  

Noncoding RNAs in metabolism and metabolic disease

作　　者：傅湘辉[1] FU XiangHui(Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院内分泌代谢科,生物治疗国家重点实验室,生物治疗协同创新中心,成都610041

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2017年第5期522-530,共9页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:91540113)资助

摘　　要：非编码RNA是指不编码蛋白质的调节性RNA分子.近年来的研究发现,非编码RNA,尤其是微小RNA和长非编码RNA,可以在基因转录、RNA成熟和蛋白质翻译等水平调控基因表达,参与发育、分化和新陈代谢等几乎所有重要的生理生命过程,在人类疾病中发挥重要作用.肿瘤和糖尿病等代谢性疾病是人类健康和社会发展的重大威胁.代谢紊乱是肿瘤的主要特征之一.胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病发生发展的主要因素,它与胰岛素产生和分泌以及胰岛素信号通路密切相关.本文将从非编码RNA的产生和作用机制、非编码RNA与胰岛素信号通路及糖尿病、非编码RNA与肿瘤代谢等方面,对非编码RNA在代谢领域的研究进展进行综述.Noncoding RNAs （ncRNAs） are a large and diverse class of regulatory RNAs without evident protein-coding capacity. Accumulating evidence shows that ncRNAs, especially microRNAs （miRNAs） and long non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs）, regulate almost every cellular process and have important roles in many diseases, such as cancer and metabolic disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs and lncRNAs as regulators of cellular metabolism. This includes their biogenesis, mode of actions, physiological functions in the context of human diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Dyregulated insulin signaling is pivotal for the development of diabetes, while altered cellular metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer. Therefore we highlight ncRNAs that play a role in the insulin signaling and cancer metabolic reprogramming. It is anticipated that an in-depth understanding ofncRNAs in cellular metabolism may provide a new field of therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for human diseases.

关 键 词：微小RNA 长非编码RNA 糖尿病 胰岛素信号通路 肿瘤代谢 

分 类 号：Q752[生物学—分子生物学]