强电离放电等离子体在应急净化饮用水中的应用  

Application on Strong Ionized Discharge Plasma to Emergency Drinking Water Disinfection

作　　者：田一平[1] 周新颖[1,2] 袁晓莉[1,2] 俞哲[1] 张芝涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境研究工程所,大连116026 [2]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,大连116026

出　　处：《高电压技术》2017年第6期1792-1799,共8页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (51309039);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2013BAC06B02);国家重大科研仪器研制项目(61427804);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(LZ2015007)~~

摘　　要：为解决常规等离子体水处理技术中存在的处理时间长、处理量有限等问题,促进等离子体技术在饮用水应急净化领域的应用,研究了基于微流注与微辉光的强电离放电快速水处理技术。实验利用大气压强电离放电协同水力空化技术,在水中产生高浓度活性氧自由基,进行水中大肠杆菌的杀灭剂效、时效关系研究,同时研究了不同水质水源水的灭菌效果和水质改善情况。结果表明,当强电离放电功率为120~130 W、空化进气体积流量为0.1 L/min时,可100%杀灭水中l04~106 mL^(–1)的大肠杆菌,消耗的活性氧自由基体积质量为0.5~0.7 mg/L,灭菌时间仅需3~10 s;当放电功率为140~160 W、活性氧自由基体积质量为0.8~1.2 mg/L时,处理水库水源水中的微生物指标低于国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》限值,水体色度降至15度以下,水中有机物含量(UV254)去除率达68%~76%,且未检出甲醛等氧化消毒副产物,处理结果符合应急情况下饮用水的消毒净化要求。此外,强电离放电等离子体可在水中高效生成体积质量>8 mg/L的活性氧自由基,能满足大流量水体的快速消毒净化需求。上述研究结果可为放电等离子体在饮用水应急消毒、医疗废水净化处理等领域的应用研究提供重要基础。In order to solve the problems in conventional plasma water treatment technologies （long treating time, small treatment capacity）, as well as to promote the application of plasma technology in drinking water emergency disinfection, a novel strong ionized discharge composing of micro-streamer and micro-glow discharges for water rapid treatment was studied in this study. During the experiments, high concentration of reactive free radicals were efficiently generated in water via the strong ionized discharge and hydrodynamic cavitation, the lethal dose and treating time for Escherichia coli inactivation by strong ionized discharge were studied, and the emergency treatments on source water with different water qualities were carried out to evaluate the inactivation efficiency and changes of general water-quality. Results showed that 100% inactivation ratio for 10^4-10^6 mL^-1 of Escherichia coli could be obtained at a low concentration （0.5-0.7 mg/L） of reactive free radicals in 3-10 seconds, with a discharge power of 120-130 W and a cavitation intake air flow of 0.1 L/min. Meanwhile, after being treated with 140-160 W of discharge power and 0.8~1.2 mg/L of reactive free radicals, the microbiological indicators in treated source water complied to the national drinking water sanitary standards, the color degree were significantly reduced to less than 15 degree, and the values of UV254 were declined 68%-76%. Moreover, no possible disinfection by-products （like formaldehyde） was found in treated water. The treatment results conform to the demands of drinking water emergency purification. In addition, the concentration of reactive free radicals formed in water by strong ionized discharge plasma could be higher than 8 mg/L, which could meet the requirements of large flow water disinfection treatment. Results provide an important foundation for the application researches of strong ionized discharge plasma in the emergency treatment of microbial contaminated drinking water, and medical waste water in hospital.

关 键 词：强电离放电 等离子体 活性氧自由基 饮用水应急消毒 水处理 

分 类 号：O539[理学—等离子体物理]