控释尿素与常规尿素配施比例对甜玉米产量和氮肥利用的影响  

Effect of the blending ratio of controlled-release urea and conventional urea on yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of sweet corn

作　　者：黄巧义[1] 唐拴虎[1] 张发宝[1] 张木[1] 黄旭[1] 逄玉万[1] 李苹[1] 付弘婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年第3期622-631,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303103;201503123);广东省科技计划项目(2016A020210035;2014B090904068)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究在不同施氮水平下,控释尿素与普通尿素不同组配比例施用对甜玉米生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响,为控释尿素在甜玉米生产上的推广应用提供参考。【方法】2015年在广东省博罗县和惠阳县以当地主栽品种华珍和粤甜9号开展田间试验。试验共设7个处理:不施氮(CK);施尿素N 360 kg/hm^2(U1);减施尿素30%(252 kg/hm^2,U2);40%控释尿素,减氮30%(252 kg/hm^2,40%CRU1);40%控释尿素,减氮50%(180 kg/hm^2,40%CRU2);60%控释尿素,减氮30%(252 kg/hm^2,60%CRU1);60%控释尿素,减氮50%(N 180 kg/hm^2,60%CRU2)。乳熟期采集甜玉米植株样品进行养分分析,每小区单独采收后记录产量和产量构成要素。【结果】施氮显著提高甜玉米鲜苞产量(P<0.05)。且随着施氮量的增加,甜玉米鲜苞产量逐渐提高。U1处理的鲜苞产量最高,其次是60%CRU1处理,40%CRU2处理的鲜苞产量显著降低。60%CRU1处理的甜玉米鲜苞产量与U1基本持平。在等氮条件下,甜玉米鲜苞产量表现为60%CRU>40%CRU>U,两地结果一致。施氮主要提高甜玉米穗长、穗粗和行粒数,显著提高甜玉米物质累积量和氮素吸收累积量(P<0.05),秸秆和籽粒的平均增幅分别为55.1%和24.2%,95.0%和43.4%,秸秆增幅更大。甜玉米物质累积量和氮素吸收累积量随着施氮量的增加而提高;在等氮条件下,甜玉米物质累积量和氮素吸收累积量均表现为60%CRU>40%CRU>U,以60%CRU处理的氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥吸收利用率最高,其次是40%CRU处理,U处理最低。不同施肥处理对氮肥生理利用率和氮收获指数没有影响。不同施肥处理对甜玉米维生素C和可溶糖含量没有影响。【结论】控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理的甜玉米产量、物质累积量和氮素吸收累积量均优于常规施肥处理,且随着控释尿素配施比例的增加而增加。在甜玉米生产中,控释尿素与普通尿素配施可显著提高氮肥利用效率,是甜�[ Objectives ] Effects of different blending rates of controlled-release urea （CRU） and conventional urea （U） at different N amounts on growth, grain yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen efficiency of sweet corn were studied to provide reference for the application and dissemination of CRU in sweet corn production. [ Methods ] Field experiments of sweet corn were carried out using sweet corn cultivars of Huazhen and Yuetian 9 as tested materials in Boluo County and Huiyang County of Guangdong Province simultaneously in 2015.Conventional urea and controlled-release urea were mixed in different ratio and total N input in different rate. No nitrogen fertilizer as CK, urea N 360 kg/hm2 （U1）, 252 kg/hm2 （U2）, N 252 kg/hm2 with 40% CRU （40% CRU1）, N 180 kg/hm2 with 40% CRU （40% CRU2）, N 252 kg/hm2 with 60% CRU （60% CRU1）, and N 180 kg/hm2 with 60% CRU （60% CRU2）. All treatments were fertilized with P205 157 kg/hm2 and K20 360 kg/hmL Straw and ear of sweet corn were collected at maturity period for the N analysis. The yield and yield components were also recorded after the harvest. [ Results ] The ear yields of sweet corn were increased significantly due to the nitrogen applications （P 〈 0.05）, and increased as more nitrogen was applied. The highest ear yield of sweet corn was achieved under the U1, and the second highest yield was obtained under the 60% CRU1, but that of the 40% CRU2 decreased significantly. No significant differences between the U1 and the 60% CRU1 were observed. On the basis of the uniform N rate, the yields of different treatments at the two sites were all in order： 60% CRU 〉 40% CRU 〉 U. The application of N fertilizers mainly increased the ear yield through increasing the ear length and diameter and kernel number per row. The accumulative amounts of dry matter and N uptake of sweet corn were increased significantly by applying N fertilizers, the average increases of dry matter and N uptake in straw and kernel were 55.1% and 24.2%, and 95.0% and 43.4%, an

关 键 词：甜玉米 控释尿素 氮肥利用率 掺混比例 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]