河西走廊栽培菘蓝农艺性状、药材产量和质量对播期的响应  

Isatis indigotica in Hexi Corridor: Response of Agronomic Characters,Medical Yield and Quality to Sowing Date

作　　者：王恩军[1,2] 韩多红[1] 蔡子平[3] 张勇[1] 张芬琴[1] 陈垣[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]河西学院农业与生物技术学院,甘肃张掖734000 [2]甘肃农业大学,甘肃省中药材规范化生产技术创新重点实验室,甘肃省药用植物栽培育种工程研究中心,甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所,兰州730070 [4]陇西中天药业有限责任公司,甘肃省特色药用植物资源保护与利用工程实验室,甘肃省特色药材规范化可追溯栽培工程技术研究中心,甘肃定西748100

出　　处：《农学学报》2017年第5期38-45,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校科研项目“板蓝根种子质量标准研究”(2015-0137);河西学院青年基金项目“民乐县板蓝根规范化栽培(GAP)关键技术研究”(201409);2015年公益性科研专项项目“中药饮片质量保障体系研究”子课题“板蓝根优良品种选育方法及种植质量控制技术研究”(201507002);兰州市科技局项目“榆中县南部山区板蓝根规范化栽培关键技术研究与示范”(2014-1-203);甘肃省自然科学基金项目“河西走廊常见栽培中药材耐盐碱特性的研究”(145RJZG191)

摘　　要：为确定河西走廊菘蓝高产优质栽培的最佳播期。2014年在甘肃省民乐县开展了菘蓝的分期播种试验,对不同播期菘蓝农艺性状,药材产量和品质及其差异性进行了分析。结果表明,随播期延后,菘蓝出苗期和全生长期均显著缩短,抽薹率显著降低,5月22日较4月12日播种出苗天数缩短15天,生长期缩短42天,抽薹率下降30%;出苗率却随播期延后而显著增加,4月12日播种出苗率最低[(40.57±0.56)%],5月2日以后播种出苗率均在95%以上;4月22日播种板蓝根产量(5000.25 kg/hm^2)和(R,S)-告依春含量[(0.083±0.0012)%]均达最高水平,5月2日播种大青叶产量最高(2034.37 kg/hm^2),但播期对板蓝根药材含水量、浸出物和灰分影响不显著。河西走廊菘蓝的最佳播期以4月下旬至5月上旬为宜,早播和晚播均不利于药材产量的增加和品质的提高。To determine the suitable sowing date for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of lsatis indigotica in Hexi corridor, an experiment of different sowing dates of Isatis indigotica was carried out in Minle of Gansu Province in 2014. The agronomic characters, medical yield, quality of lsatis indigotica at different sowing dates were analyzed. Results showed that with the delay of the sowing date, the seedling date and the whole growing date were shortened, and the bolting rate decreased obviously. The seedling emergence days of sowing on May 22 were shortened by 15 d, compared with that of sowing on April 12. The growth and the bolting rate dropped by 30%. With the delay of the Sowing date, the increased. April 12 had the lowest seedling emergence rate [（40.57~0.56）%], period was shortened by 42 d, germination rate significantly and the germination rate was above 95% after sowing on May 2. The yield of Radix isatidis （5000.25 kg/hm2） and the content of （R,S）- epigoitrin [0.083＋/-0.0012）%] reached the highest level when the sowing was conducted on April 22, and the yield of Folium isatidis was the highest （2034.37 kg/hm2） when the sowing was on May 2, but the sowing date had no significant effect on medicinal water content, extract and ash content of Radix isatidis. The best sowing date of lsatis indigotica was from late April to early May in Hexi Corridor, early sowing and late sowing were not conducive to increasing the yield and quality of medicinal materials of Isatis indigotica.

关 键 词：菘蓝 播期 农艺性状 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]