微卫星标记分析3个耐寒鲤品种的遗传多样性  

Genetic diversity of three cold-resistant varieties of common carp analyzed by microsatellite markers

作　　者：桑滨[1,2] 鲁翠云[2] 李超[2] 孙效文[2] 李丹彤[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,大连116023 [2]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2017年第3期24-32,56,共10页Journal of Biology

基　　金：农业部"948"项目(2016X15);国家水产种质资源平台项目(2016DKA30470)

摘　　要：耐寒品种的培育与养殖对于三北地区的鲤养殖业非常重要,对育成品种进行遗传分析有助于种质资源的可持续利用。研究采用30个微卫星标记分析了3个遗传背景相近的耐寒鲤品种松荷鲤(GG,Cyprinuscarpio L.)、荷包红鲤抗寒品系(HH,Cyprinuscarpio var.wuyuanensis)与松浦鲤(SS,Cyprinuscarpio var.Songpu)的遗传多样性。结果显示:1)3个耐寒鲤品种GG、HH和SS平均有效等位基因数为4.392、4.501和4.518,平均观测杂合度为0.801、0.815和0.809,平均多态信息含量为0.720、0.717和0.720,GG、HH和SS均属高度多态水平(PIC>0.5),3个群体偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的位点较少,种群结构合理。2)计算3个耐寒鲤品种间的遗传距离并绘制聚类图,结果 GG和HH先聚为一个分支,再与SS聚在一起。基于Structure亚种群数检验的分析结果显示,当K=2时,HH群体从3个群体中分离出来,GG和SS群体主要遗传组分相同;当K=3时,GG、HH和SS群体相互分离开,并且各自形成自己的遗传组分。3)在26个标记中检测出品种特异等位基因73个,其中41个品种特异等位基因的频率超过10%,进而获得基因型频率大于10%的品种特异基因型161个,可用于3个耐寒鲤品种的种质鉴定。Cultivation and breeding of cold resistant varieties are very important for carp farming in the Three-North Region, mean- while, genetic analysis of cultivars is helpful to the sustainable utilization of the germplasm resources. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity was conducted using microsatellite markers on three cold-resistant varieties of common carp with similar genetic background, Cyprinuscarpio L. （GG） , Cyprinuscarpio var. wuyuanensis （HH） , and Cyprinuscarpio vat. Songpu（SS）. The results showed as fol- lowing： （1） The average effective number of alleles of three cold-resistant varieties of common carp （GG, HH, SS） were 4. 392, 4. 501 and 4. 518, respectively. Average observed heterozygosities were 0. 801,0. 815 and 0. 809, respectively. The average polymor- phism information contents were 0. 720 and 0. 717, 0. 720, respectively. Three cold-resistant varieties of common carp were of highly polymorphic level. Three populations deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the population structure were reasonable. （2） A tree diagram was constructed by clustering analysis according to genetic distance of three breeding carp. The results indicated that SS clustering was a separate branch firstly, followed by GG and HH. In accordance with the results of Structure analysis, HH separated as a group alone, GG and SS clustered together for the model K = 2. Whereas GG, HH, and SS were clustered into 3 different groups for the model K = 3. （ 3 ） seventy - three specific alleles were detected from 26 markers, of which 41 specific alleles frequency reached more than 10%. There were 161 specific genotypes with genotypic frequencies over 10% , which can be used for germplasm identification of 3 varieties of cold resistant carp. The purpose of this study was to provide a beneficial reference bases for the breeding and germplasm identification of common carp.

关 键 词：鲤 微卫星 种质鉴定 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学] Q959.468