磷肥用量对广东冬作马铃薯产量、效益及品质的影响  

Effects of different dosages of phosphate fertilizer on yield,economic benefits and quality of winter potato in Guangdong province

作　　者：黄美华[1,2] 冯剑[3] 徐鹏举 张新明[3] 王凯[2] 贺春喜 陈洪 曹先维[2] 

机构地区：[1]肇庆市农业科学研究所,广东肇庆526000 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [4]惠东县农业技术推广中心,广东惠东516300 [5]惠东县奕达农贸有限公司,广东惠东516300 [6]惠州市科学技术局,广东惠州516003

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2017年第3期23-29,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-10-ES14);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(SQ2013ECE000016)

摘　　要：为明确广东省冬作马铃薯的适宜磷肥用量,设置4个磷肥用量水平0、45.0、90.0、135.0kg/hm^2,以P0、P1、P2和P3表示,在惠东县平海镇采用大田试验研究不同磷肥用量对马铃薯产量、经济效益、品质及块茎氮磷钾积累量的影响。结果表明:P1处理块茎总产量(57 576.0 kg/hm^2)和商品薯产量(55 848.7 kg/hm^2)均较高,分别比P0处理显著提高16.2%和16.6%,较P3处理显著提高8.9%和8.5%;P1处理块茎总产值和经济效益也较高,分别较P0处理显著提高16.5%和20.9%,较P3处理显著提高8.6%和11.3%;P1处理淀粉产量、粗蛋白含量和维生素C含量均较高。不同磷肥用量的块茎氮磷钾含量和氮磷积累量之间无显著差异。综合试验结果可知,P_2O_5 45 kg/hm^2是本试验条件下适宜的施磷量。In order to determine the suitable application rate of phosphate fertilizer for winter potato in Guangdong province, four phosphate dosages were designed in the field experiment to probe into the effects of different dosages of phosphate fertilizer on the yield, economic benefits, quality and NPK accumulation amounts in potato tubers in Pinghai Town, Huidong County. Four phosphate dosages （ treatments ） were 0, 45.0, 90.0 and 135.0 kg/hm^2, marked as P0, P1, P2, P3, respectively, with each treatment being replicated three times by using completely random block design. The related physiological indices were detected after maturing of potato tubers, the results showed that： （ 1 ） Both total tuber yield （ 57 576.0 kg/hm^2 ） and marketable yield （ 55 848.7 kg/hm^2 ） of P1 treatment were higher, being 16.2% and 16.6% higher than those of P0 treatment, and significantly higher than those of P3 by 8.9% and 8.5%, respectively; （2）Both total tuber output value and economic benefits of P1 treatment were also higher, which significantly increased by 16.5% and 20.9% over P0, and significantly increased by 8.6% and 11.3% of P3, respectively; （ 3 ） Higher potato tuber starch production, crude protein content and Vc level were detected in P1 treatment as well. The results also showed that, no significant differences in N, P and K contents, N and P accumulation amounts were found among different dosages of phosphate fertilizer. According to the comprehensive effects of considered treatments on yield, economic benefits and quality indices, 45 kg （ P2O5 ） /hm^2 was the suitable application rate of nhosnhate fertilizer under the experiment conditions.

关 键 词：冬作马铃薯 磷肥 产量 经济效益 品质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S143.3