青海省喜马拉雅旱獭对栖息地植被条件选择的初步研究  

A preliminary study on Himalaya marmot habitat vegetation condition in Qinghai Province

作　　者：李红英[1] 陈洪舰[2] 李祥[2] 米宝玉 周奎章 李千[2] 欧尔格力[1] 张爱萍[2] 王祖郧[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海省基础地理信息中心、青海省地理空间信息技术与应用重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]青海省地方病预防控制所、青海省鼠疫防控及研究重点实验室,西宁811602

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2017年第6期400-403,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81360450、81460508）

摘　　要：目的 利用地理信息技术定量分析青海省喜马拉雅旱獭栖息地与植被覆盖度、草地类型、植被类型等植被要素的关系。方法 利用ArcGIS软件将青海省地方病预防与控制研究所提供的青海省喜马拉雅旱獭实地调查数据与植被覆盖度、草地类型等遥感和地理信息数据进行空间叠加，提取喜马拉眼旱獭发现样点所在位置的植被特征信息，并进行统计分析，进而就喜马拉雅旱獭对栖息地植被条件的选择进行初步的定量分析。结果 经筛选后保留84个有喜马拉雅旱獭活动的野外样点，其植被覆盖度均值为0.708 5，范围为0.313 3 ~ 1.000 0；54.76%（46／84）的旱獭发现样点集中在植被覆盖度为0.70 ~ 1.00的地区。9个草地类型中，高寒草甸占青海省总面积的39.78%，分布着59个旱獭发现样点，占样点总数的70.24%（59／84）。喜马拉雅旱獭主要以草地植物部分种类的根茎为食，包括早熟禾、高山嵩草、委陵菜、珠芽蓼、藏嵩草、棘豆、紫菀以及各种杂类草。结论 植被条件是喜马拉雅旱獭栖息地选择的重要因素之一，利用地理信息技术进行喜马拉雅旱獭空间分布与植被要素相互间定量分析，可以加深对旱獭栖息地选择认识，并为草原鼠疫监控和防治提供依据。Objective To understand the relationship between habitat choice of Himalaya marmot and vegetation elements such as vegetation coverage, grassland type, vegetation type and so on by using geographic information technology in Qinghai. Methods Himalayan marmot field survey data from Qinghai Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention and vegetation coverage, grassland type and other remote sensing and geographic information data was processed for spatial overlay using ArcGIS tool. The vegetation characteristic information of the location of Himalayan marmot was searched and analyzed statistically, and then the initial quantitative analysis of Himalayan marmot on the selection of habitat vegetation conditions was made. Results After screening, 84 samples of Himalayan marmot were retained. The mean of vegetation coverage was 0.708 5, the range was 0.313 3 - 1.000 0. Totally 54.76% （46/84） of the Himalayan marmot samples was in the vegetation coverage of 0.70 to 1.00. Among the nine grassland types, the alpine meadows accounted for 39.78% of total area of Qinghai, with 59 Himalayan marmot sample points distributed, which accounting for 70.24%（59/84）. Himalayan marmot mainly feed on some of the roots of grassland plants, including Poa pratensis, Alpine Kobresia, Potentilla, Polygonum viviparum, Kobresia cordata, Oxytropis, Aster and other miscellaneous grass. Conclusions Vegetation conditions is one of the important factors of Himalayan marmot in habitat selection. Quantitative analysis of the relationship between Himalayan marmot spatial distribution and vegetation factors by using geographic information technology, can deepen the understanding of marmot habitat selection, and provide a basis for grassland plague surveillance and control.

关 键 词：旱獭属 地理信息系统 植被 草地 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R516.8[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]