中国城镇地区消费不平等演变趋势——新视角与新证据  

Evolution of Consumption Inequality in Urban China——New Perspective and New Evidence

作　　者：赵达[1] 谭之博[1] 张军[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《财贸经济》2017年第6期115-129,共15页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"我国经济发展新常态的趋势性特征及政策取向研究"(15ZDA008);国家自然科学基金重点项目"推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究"(71333002);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目"促进企业创新的金融市场特征研究:基于金融结构与互联网金融发展的视角"(71603057)

摘　　要：本文利用不同收入群体消费支出结构差异,基于中国城镇住户调查丰富详尽的消费支出数据,同时修正了不同收入群体的报告误差和不同消费品支出的测量误差,重新测度了1993-2010年中国城镇地区消费不平等程度及其演变趋势。误差调整后的实证分析结果表明,部分文献中"消费不存在瞒报"的假设存在较大问题,以修正后的中国城镇地区高、低收入群体平均消费总支出之比核算的消费不平等在18年间上升了67%,远大于直接使用原始消费总支出数据所得的36%。具体而言:时间趋势层面,消费不平等在1993-2007年经历了快速上升,2008年后有所缓解;群体分布层面,高收入群体与社会其他群体间的差异是消费不平等上升的重要推动力量;群体瞒报层面,2002年以来,相对于低收入群体,高收入群体存在严重的消费支出低报问题且低报程度保持稳定,而中等收入群体则存在轻微高报问题。本文为重新认识中国城镇地区消费不平等的演变趋势奠定了基础,有助于准确把握消费不平等程度,有的放矢地推行再分配政策。By exploiting variations in consumption structure of households put forward by Aguiar and Bils （2015）, this paper corrects the measurement errors of consumption expenditure reported by households with different incomes and the errors of expenditure in different consumption goods. Based on the correction, we reexamine the consumption inequality and its evolution in urban China during 1993-2010 by applying Urban Household Survey data, which contains detailed information on consumption expenditure. Empirical results show that consumption inequality （i. e. ratio of high income class to low income class in terms of total consumption expenditure） in urban China increased by 67% during the sample period, much were larger than the number 36 % obtained from direct total consumption expenditure reported in the raw data. We also found that consumption inequality experienced a rapid increase till 2007 and began to decrease after 2008. Thirdly, under-reporting （over-reporting） became more evident for households with higher income （middle income） since 2002 （1993）. All these results call for prudent attitude to previous empirical results.

关 键 词：消费不平等 恩格尔曲线 误差修正 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]