氮磷钾配比对红芸豆养分吸收规律及肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of Different NPK Rates on Nutrient Absorption and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Red Kidney Beans

作　　者：晋凡生[1] 韩彦龙[1] 李晓平[2] 李洁 李海金[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,太原030031 [2]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第13期26-36,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部"十二五"国家科技支撑计划"杂豆高效生产关键技术研究与示范"(2014BAD07B05)

摘　　要：研究不同氮磷钾配比对红芸豆养分吸收规律及肥料利用率的影响,可为红芸豆大田种植和高效生产提供适量与合理施肥的理论依据。本试验是以‘英国红’红芸豆为试材的"3414"大田肥料试验。结果表明:红芸豆整个生育期N、P、K吸收量呈现出前期快速积累,中期增速趋缓,后期减少的趋势;叶片衰老掉落是养分吸收量减少的主要原因。处理6(N2P2K2)的施肥配比对红芸豆养分吸收量促进最大,其N、P、K的吸收量分别达到169.31、42.58、135.92 kg/hm^2。红芸豆各器官的养分吸收各不相同,叶片呈现前期快速增长,中期趋向平稳,后期开始下降的趋势;茎的N吸收量呈"增加-降低-增加"的趋势,P、K吸收量呈先增加后下降的趋势;荚皮P、K前期迅速增加,但后期向籽粒转移而降低;籽粒和其相反,前期较低,后期远远大于荚皮。红芸豆各器官的养分分配动态表现为叶片中养分随着生育进程的推进逐渐降低,茎中养分呈先增加后降低的趋势,荚皮和籽粒中的养分呈增加趋势。红芸豆3种养分吸收是互相影响的,其相互依存度较高;每形成100 kg籽粒,N、P_2O_5、K_2O的吸收量分别为5.49、1.33、4.9 kg;平均养分吸收比例为1:0.24:0.89。N、P、K肥的肥料利用率与施肥量没有明显的规律,N、P、K肥的当季最高肥料利用率分别达到46%、11.04%和66.06%;N、P、K的相对吸收率分别达到100.25%、90.23%和115.21%。To provide a theoretical basis of appropriate and rational fertilization for field planting and highly- efficient production of red kidney bean, the authors studied the effects of different NKP rates on nutrient absorption and fertilizer use efficiency of red kidney bean. The ＂3414＂ field fertilizer experiment was conducted using ＇Yingguohong＇ as material. The results showed that N, P, K absorptive amount by red kidney bean during the whole growth period had rapid accumulation in the early stage, slow increase in the middle stage and decrease in the late stage; the senescence and drop of leaf were the main reasons for the decreasing amount of nutrient absorption. The nutrient absorption of red kidney bean was promoted most under treatment 6 （NzP2K2）, its absorption amount of N, P and K was 169.31, 42.58 and 135.92 kg/hm2, respectively. The nutrient absorption of all organs were different, that in leaves showed a rapid rate in the early period, remained stable in the middle period and declined in the late period; N absorption amount in stems followed the rule of ＂increase-decrease-increase＂, P, K uptake increased first and then decreased; P, K uptake in pod shellincreased rapidly in the early stage, but were later transferred to pea and decreased; on the contrary, P, K uptake in pea was low at first, but later much larger than that in pod shell. The dynamic nutrient distribution in different organs of red kidney bean showed that the nutrient distribution in leaves decreased gradually with the growth, that in stems increased first and then decreased, and that in pod shells and peas showed an increasing trend. The absorption of the three nutrients in red kidney bean were interactive and the interdependence was relatively high; to form 100 kg peas, the absorption amount of N, P205 and K20 was 5.49, 1.33 and 4.9 kg, respectively; the average nutrient absorption ratio was 1：0.24：0.89. The fertilizer use efficiency of NPK did not have a significant rule with the fertilizer application amount, the max

关 键 词：红芸豆 氮磷钾配比 养分吸收特征 养分转移率 养分吸收率 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]