花粉在植物遗传研究中的应用  

Application of Pollen in Plant Genetic Research

作　　者：赵小光[1] 张耀文[1,2] 关周博[1] 王丽萍[1] 曹栎[1] 赵兴忠[1] 陈文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院植物研究所光生物重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第13期54-59,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：杨凌示范区科技计划项目"绿色;无损检测技术在品质育种中的应用研究"(2016NY-34);杨凌示范区科技计划项目"油菜高光效综合鉴定指标体系创建及核心种质筛选"(2015NY-17);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目"高光效超高产杂交油菜新品种选育"(2014KTCQ02-01)

摘　　要：高等植物的花粉是一种理想的植物遗传转化材料。将花粉作为外源DNA的受体或媒介进行转基因研究,已成为现代植物遗传转化技术中的重要部分。小孢子花粉可以在植物体内自然发育为成熟花粉然后参与受精作用,或者经过小孢子培养进行孤雌生殖从而形成单倍体植抹,还可以在离体培养条件下使未成熟花粉发育成为可育花粉。笔者分别简要介绍了以上3种途径的研究现状、花粉培养方法以及在植物遗传转化中的应用,并通过对各方法优缺点的综合评价,为科研人员和育种工作者进行花发育机制研究、功能基因表达和作物遗传改良提供了一条新的思路。The pollen of higher plant is an ideal material for plant transformation. It could be as the acceptor or intermedium of extrinsic DNA for transgenic research and this method has become an important part in plant transformation technology. Microspores can develop to matured pollen normally in plant and then take part in fertilization, or it can develop to haploid plants under vitro culture conditions by parthenogenesis, it also can be cultured to maturation pollen in vitro. The authors briefly introduced the research status, methods of pollen culture and the application in plant genetic transformation of the three ways mentioned above. The comprehensive assessment of each way offered a new thinking for studying flower development mechanism, functional gene expression and crop genetic improvement.

关 键 词：花粉 离体培养 小孢子 转基因 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]