耕作模式对设施菜地根际土壤微生物群落和盐渍化的影响  

Effect of Different Farming Modes on Greenhouse Soil Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Soil Secondary Salinization

作　　者：靳慧霞[1] 陈寒玉[2] 陈纪算 张科锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学宁波理工学院,浙江宁波315100 [2]河南工业大学化学化工学院,郑州450001 [3]宁波海通时代农业有限公司,浙江慈溪315300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第15期110-116,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：浙江省宁波市农业攻关项目"设施栽培菜地次生盐渍化修复与控制关键技术研究"(2014C10014);浙江省宁波市科技富民项目"基于无线通信技术和优化模型的菜地智能灌溉系统"(2016C10057)

摘　　要：为探究耕作模式对设施菜地盐渍化成因与土壤根际环境中微生物群落的分布和活性的影响,以宁波市某农业产业园区的大棚菜地和周边土壤作为取样点,选取封闭大棚地块、大棚与露天轮作地块,海边盐渍化的填海造田土,一般农业地块四种类型6个样品地上的5~15 cm浅层土,分析了不同耕种模式下根际土壤的物化性质、微生物的群落分布特性、土壤的呼吸度等特征。结果表明:不同的耕作模式下,土壤样品的有机质含量、盐分浓度、硝态氮的含量等有很大的不同。封闭空间耕作模式,有利于土壤有机质的增加,短期使用的大棚土中菌群总数和硝酸盐还原菌活度都比较高,长期使用有盐渍化现象的则活度明显降低;轮作和大田土中的硝酸盐还原菌的种类和数量明显多于大棚盐渍化土;尽管封闭体系的栽培模式有利于土壤微生物群落的增加,但土壤盐度的积累使微生物品种和能力退化,是形成土壤次生盐渍化的主要原因。在盐碱度比较大的土地环境下,封闭和露天轮作耕种设施菜地是改善根际土壤环境的良好模式。To study the effect of farming modes on soil salinization and microbial activities in greenhouse vegetable field, soil samples were taken from greenhouse community distribution and field and nearby soil in an agricultural industry park in Ningbo. 5~15cm layer soils of four soil types （enclosed greenhouse soil, greenhouse soil, rotation field soil and saline sea fill soil） and total six sample plots were collected to analyze rhizosphere soil physicochemical property, microbial community distribution, soil respiration and so on. The results showed that soil organic matter content, salinity and nitrate content were significantly different under different farming modes. Enclosed fanning mode could increase the organic matter content, microbial populations and nitrate reducing bacteria activity were higher in short period greenhouse, and the activity was obviously low in long period greenhouse with salinization; nitrate reducing bacteria variety and population in rotation soil and open field were significantly higher than that in greenhouse saline soil; although the enclosed Therefore, open and close alternate farming mode was a good choice to environment in saline-alkali soil. the accumulation of soil salinity reason of secondary salinization. improving the rhizosphere soil

关 键 词：土壤次生盐渍化 土壤理化性质 菌落结构 土壤修复 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]