山西小麦品(系)种穗部与籽粒性状分析  

Analysis on Spike and Grain Characters of Wheat Cultivars Registered in Shanxi Province

作　　者：张东旭[1] 张俊灵[1] 闫金龙[1] 孙美荣[1] 张树彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所,山西长治046011

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2017年第6期867-872,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(201603D221001);山西省农业科学院重点攻关项目(YGG1643);山西省农业科学院育种工程项目(16yzgc059)

摘　　要：为充分了解山西省小麦品(系)种的穗部和籽粒性状,以山西不同地区选育的321个品(系)种为研究对象,对穗长、结实小穗、不孕小穗、穗粒数、株高、千粒质量、籽粒饱满度、穗形状、芒形状、籽粒形状、粒色、粒质等穗部和籽粒性状进行了分析。结果表明,山西小麦品(系)种千粒质量变异系数最小,穗粒数及其相关性状变异系数都较大,说明山西小麦千粒质量最为稳定,穗粒数则遗传基础丰富;山西省不同地区选育的品(系)种穗部和籽粒性状存在较大差异,长治地区选育的小麦品(系)种穗长、结实小穗数和运城地区选育的小麦品(系)种千粒质量均显著高于其他地区;穗长和穗粒数与结实小穗极显著相关,改良小麦穗长能有效提升穗粒数,千粒质量与穗粒数呈弱负相关,与株高呈正相关;依据穗部和籽粒表型性状可以将供试品(系)种聚为3个类群,分别占供试材料的40.51%(中穗粒中粒质量)、20.57%(多穗粒中粒质量)、38.92%(少穗粒大粒质量)。表明山西小麦目前发展方向主要是中穗粒中粒质量和少穗粒大粒质量类型,在多穗粒中粒质量型品种上选育的品种较少。To systematically understand the spike and grain characters of wheat cuhivars, twelve wheat traits （spike length, grain number per spike, sterile spikelet, grains per spike, plant height, 1 000-grain quality, grain plumpness, spike shape, awn shape, grain shape, grain color, grain quality）of 321 varieties bred in different places of Shanxi province were analyzed. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of wheat＇s 1 000-grain quality was the smallest, and the coefficient of variation of wheat grains per spike and related traits were more bigger, which showd that the 1 000-grain quality in wheat varieties was the most stable, and the number of grains ber spike was rich in genetic basis. There were significant different in panicle and grain traits among different places of Shanxi province. Spike length and grain number per spike of wheat varieties in the Changzhi area was the best, 1 000-grain quality of wheat varietiea in the Yuncheng area was the highest. Spike length and spikelet number were significantly correlated with the number of grains per spike. The improvement of spike length could effectively improve the grains per spike. There was a negative correlation between 1 000-grain quality and the grains per spike, and a positive correlation between 1 000-grain quality and the plant height. According to the phenotypic traits of spike and grain, the tested varieties were clustered into 3 groups, the first one was medium grains per spike and medium grain quality, accounted for 40.51% of the tested materials, the second one was multiple more grains per spike and medium grain quality, accounted for 20.57%, the third one was less grains per spike and larger grain quality, accounted for 38.92%. The results showed that the current development direction of wheat in Shanxi is mainly in the medium grains per spike

关 键 词：小麦 穗部性状 籽粒性状 比较分析 相关分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]